Python openpyxl讀取 寫入 修改 操作Excel在openpyxl中,主要用到三個概念:Workbooks,Sheets,Cells。
Workbook就是一個excel工作表;
Sheet是工作表中的一張表頁;
Cell就是簡單的一個格。
openpyxl就是圍繞著這三個概念進行的,不管讀寫都是「三板斧」:打開Workbook,定位Sheet,操作Cell。
官方文檔:https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
# grab the active worksheet
ws = wb.active
# Data can be assigned directly to cells
ws['A1'] = 42
# Rows can also be appended
ws.append([1, 2, 3])
# Python types will automatically be converted
import datetime
ws['A2'] = datetime.datetime.now()
# Save the file
wb.save("sample.xlsx")
from openpyxl import Workbook
# 實例化
wb = Workbook()
# 激活 worksheet
ws = wb.active
from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook('文件名稱.xlsx')
# 方式一:數據可以直接分配到單元格中(可以輸入公式)
ws['A1'] = 42
# 方式二:可以附加行,從第一列開始附加(從最下方空白處,最左開始)(可以輸入多行)
ws.append([1, 2, 3])
# 方式三:Python 類型會被自動轉換
ws['A3'] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
# 方式一:插入到最後(default)
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet")
# 方式二:插入到最開始的位置
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0)
# sheet 名稱可以作為 key 進行索引
>>> ws3 = wb["New Title"]
>>> ws4 = wb.get_sheet_by_name("New Title")
>>> ws is ws3 is ws4
True
# 顯示所有表名
>>> print(wb.sheetnames)
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
# 遍歷所有表
>>> for sheet in wb:
print(sheet.title)
# 方法一
>>> c = ws['A4']
# 方法二:row 行;column 列
>>> d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)
# 方法三:只要訪問就創建
>>> for i in range(1,101):
... for j in range(1,101):
... ws.cell(row=i, column=j) # 通過切片
>>> cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']
# 通過行(列)
>>> colC = ws['C']
>>> col_range = ws['C:D']
>>> row10 = ws[10]
>>> row_range = ws[5:10]
# 通過指定範圍(行 → 行)
>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in row:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>
# 通過指定範圍(列 → 列)
>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in row:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>
# 遍歷所有 方法一
>>> ws = wb.active
>>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world'
>>> tuple(ws.rows)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>),
(<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>),
...
(<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>),
(<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
# 遍歷所有 方法二
>>> tuple(ws.columns)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>,
<Cell Sheet.A2>,
<Cell Sheet.A3>,
...
<Cell Sheet.B7>,
<Cell Sheet.B8>,
<Cell Sheet.B9>),
(<Cell Sheet.C1>,
...
<Cell Sheet.C8>,
<Cell Sheet.C9>))
# 色值為RGB16進位值
ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"
# 獲得最大列和最大行
print(sheet.max_row)
print(sheet.max_column)
sheet.rows為生成器, 裡面是每一行的數據,每一行又由一個tuple包裹。
sheet.columns類似,不過裡面是每個tuple是每一列的單元格。
# 因為按行,所以返回A1, B1, C1這樣的順序
for row in sheet.rows:
for cell in row:
print(cell.value)
# A1, A2, A3這樣的順序
for column in sheet.columns:
for cell in column:
print(cell.value)
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter, column_index_from_string
# 根據列的數字返回字母
print(get_column_letter(2)) # B
# 根據字母返回列的數字
print(column_index_from_string('D')) # 4
# 方式一
wb.remove(sheet)
# 方式二
del wb[sheet]
rows = [
['Number', 'data1', 'data2'],
[2, 40, 30],
[3, 40, 25],
[4, 50, 30],
[5, 30, 10],
[6, 25, 5],
[7, 50, 10]]
list(zip(*rows))
# out
[('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7),
('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50),
('data2', 30, 25, 30, 10, 5, 10)]
# 注意 方法會捨棄缺少數據的列(行)
rows = [
['Number', 'data1', 'data2'],
[2, 40 ], # 這裡少一個數據
[3, 40, 25],
[4, 50, 30],
[5, 30, 10],
[6, 25, 5],
[7, 50, 10],
]
# out
[('Number', 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), ('data1', 40, 40, 50, 30, 25, 50)]
from openpyxl.styles import Font, colors, Alignment
下面的代碼指定了等線24號,加粗斜體,字體顏色紅色。直接使用cell的font屬性,將Font對象賦值給它。
bold_itatic_24_font = Font(name='等線', size=24, italic=True, color=colors.RED, bold=True)
sheet['A1'].font = bold_itatic_24_font
也是直接使用cell的屬性aligment,這裡指定垂直居中和水平居中。除了center,還可以使用right、left等等參數
# 設置B1中的數據垂直居中和水平居中
sheet['B1'].alignment = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
# 第2行行高
sheet.row_dimensions[2].height = 40
# C列列寬
sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 30
所謂合併單元格,即以合併區域的左上角的那個單元格為基準,覆蓋其他單元格使之稱為一個大的單元格。
相反,拆分單元格後將這個大單元格的值返回到原來的左上角位置。
# 合併單元格, 往左上角寫入數據即可
# 合併一行中的幾個單元格
sheet.merge_cells('B1:G1')
# 合併一個矩形區域中的單元格
sheet.merge_cells('A1:C3')
合併後只可以往左上角寫入數據,也就是區間中:左邊的坐標。
如果這些要合併的單元格都有數據,只會保留左上角的數據,其他則丟棄。換句話說若合併前不是在左上角寫入數據,合併後單元格中不會有數據。
以下是拆分單元格的代碼。拆分後,值回到A1位置
sheet.unmerge_cells('A1:C3')
import datetime
from random import choice
from time import time
from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter
# 設置文件 mingc
addr = "openpyxl.xlsx"
# 打開文件
wb = load_workbook(addr)
# 創建一張新表
ws = wb.create_sheet()
# 第一行輸入
ws.append(['TIME', 'TITLE', 'A-Z'])
# 輸入內容(500行數據)
for i in range(500):
TIME = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S")
TITLE = str(time())
A_Z = get_column_letter(choice(range(1, 50)))
ws.append([TIME, TITLE, A_Z])
# 獲取最大行
row_max = ws.max_row
# 獲取最大列
con_max = ws.max_column
# 把上面寫入內容列印在控制臺
for j in ws.rows: # we.rows 獲取每一行數據
for n in j:
print(n.value, end="\t") # n.value 獲取單元格的值
print()
# 保存,save(必須要寫文件名(絕對地址)默認 py 同級目錄下,只支持 xlsx 格式)
wb.save(addr)
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Series, Reference
wb = Workbook(write_only=True)
ws = wb.create_sheet()
rows = [
('Number', 'Batch 1', 'Batch 2'),
(2, 10, 30),
(3, 40, 60),
(4, 50, 70),
(5, 20, 10),
(6, 10, 40),
(7, 50, 30),
]
for row in rows:
ws.append(row)
chart1 = BarChart()
chart1.type = "col"
chart1.style = 10
chart1.title = "Bar Chart"
chart1.y_axis.title = 'Test number'
chart1.x_axis.title = 'Sample length (mm)'
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_row=7, max_col=3)
cats = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=7)
chart1.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
chart1.set_categories(cats)
chart1.shape = 4
ws.add_chart(chart1, "A10")
from copy import deepcopy
chart2 = deepcopy(chart1)
chart2.style = 11
chart2.type = "bar"
chart2.title = "Horizontal Bar Chart"
ws.add_chart(chart2, "G10")
chart3 = deepcopy(chart1)
chart3.type = "col"
chart3.style = 12
chart3.grouping = "stacked"
chart3.overlap = 100
chart3.title = 'Stacked Chart'
ws.add_chart(chart3, "A27")
chart4 = deepcopy(chart1)
chart4.type = "bar"
chart4.style = 13
chart4.grouping = "percentStacked"
chart4.overlap = 100
chart4.title = 'Percent Stacked Chart'
ws.add_chart(chart4, "G27")
wb.save("bar.xlsx")
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import (
Reference,
Series,
BarChart3D,
)
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
rows = [
(None, 2013, 2014),
("Apples", 5, 4),
("Oranges", 6, 2),
("Pears", 8, 3)
]
for row in rows:
ws.append(row)
data = Reference(ws, min_col=2, min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=4)
titles = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=2, max_row=4)
chart = BarChart3D()
chart.title = "3D Bar Chart"
chart.add_data(data=data, titles_from_data=True)
chart.set_categories(titles)
ws.add_chart(chart, "E5")
wb.save("bar3d.xlsx")
def fun5_4_1():
wb = Workbook()
# 注意:該函數調用工作表的索引(_active_sheet_index),默認是0。
# 除非你修改了這個值,否則你使用該函數一直是在對第一張工作表進行操作。
ws = wb.active
# 設置sheet名稱
ws.title = "New Title"
# 設置sheet顏色
ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"
# 保存表格
wb.save('保存一個新的excel.xlsx')
def fun5_4_2():
wb = load_workbook("./3_5 openpyxl 修改操作練習.xlsx")
# 注意:該函數調用工作表的索引(_active_sheet_index),默認是0。
# 除非你修改了這個值,否則你使用該函數一直是在對第一張工作表進行操作。
ws = wb.active
# 保存表格
wb.save('copy.xlsx')
def fun5_4_3():
wb = load_workbook("./3_5 openpyxl 修改操作練習.xlsx")
# 注意:該函數調用工作表的索引(_active_sheet_index),默認是0。
# 除非你修改了這個值,否則你使用該函數一直是在對第一張工作表進行操作。
ws = wb.active
# 讀取單元格信息
cellB2_value = ws['B2'].value
print("單元格B2內容為:",cellB2_value)
# 寫入單元格
ws['A1'].value = "OPENPYXL"
# 保存表格
wb.save('copy.xlsx')
Python xlswriter寫入 操作Excelxlwings比起xlrd、xlwt和xlutils,xlwings可豪華多了,它具備以下特點:
官網地址:https://xlsxwriter.readthedocs.io/
# 創建文件
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("new_excel.xlsx")
# 創建sheet
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet("first_sheet")
# 法一:
worksheet.write('A1', 'write something')
# 法二:
worksheet.write(1, 0, 'hello world')
# 寫入數字
worksheet.write(0, 1, 32)
worksheet.write(1, 1, 32.3)
worksheet.write(2, 1, '=sum(B1:B2)')
# 插入圖片
worksheet.insert_image(0, 5, 'test.png')
worksheet.insert_image(0, 5, 'test.png', {'url': 'http://httpbin.org/'})
# 寫入日期
d = workbook.add_format({'num_format': 'yyyy-mm-dd'})
worksheet.write(0, 2, datetime.datetime.strptime('2017-09-13', '%Y-%m-%d'), d)
(6)設置行、列屬性
# 設置行屬性,行高設置為40
worksheet.set_row(0, 40)
# 設置列屬性,把A到B列寬設置為20
worksheet.set_column('A:B', 20)
常用格式:
字體顏色:color
字體加粗:bold
字體大小:font_site
日期格式:num_format
超連結:url
下劃線設置:underline
單元格顏色:bg_color
邊框:border
對齊方式:align
# 自定義格式
f = workbook.add_format({'border': 1, 'font_size': 13, 'bold': True, 'align': 'center','bg_color': 'cccccc'})
worksheet.write('A3', "python excel", f)
worksheet.set_row(0, 40, f)
worksheet.set_column('A:E', 20, f)
# 批量往單元格寫入數據
# 列寫入,從A15開始
worksheet.write_column('A15', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
# 行寫入,從A12開始
worksheet.write_row('A12', [6, 7, 8, 9])
7.合併單元格寫入
# 合併單元格寫入
worksheet.merge_range(7,5, 11, 8, 'merge_range')
import xlsxwriter
# 創建一個excel
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("chart_line.xlsx")
# 創建一個sheet
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet("bug_analysis")
# 自定義樣式,加粗
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# ---1、準備數據並寫入excel
# 向excel中寫入數據,建立圖標時要用到
headings = ['Number', 'testA', 'testB']
data = [
['2017-9-1', '2017-9-2', '2017-9-3', '2017-9-4', '2017-9-5', '2017-9-6'],
[10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50],
[30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],
]
# 寫入表頭
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
# 寫入數據
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])
# ---2、生成圖表並插入到excel
# 創建一個柱狀圖(line chart)
chart_col = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'line'})
# 配置第一個系列數據
chart_col.add_series({
# 這裡的sheet1是默認的值,因為我們在新建sheet時沒有指定sheet名
# 如果我們新建sheet時設置了sheet名,這裡就要設置成相應的值
'name': '=Sheet1!$B$1',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
'line': {'color': 'red'},
})
# 配置第二個系列數據
chart_col.add_series({
'name': '=Sheet1!$C$1',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
'line': {'color': 'yellow'},
})
# 配置第二個系列數據(用了另一種語法)
# chart_col.add_series({
# 'name': ['Sheet1', 0, 2],
# 'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0],
# 'values': ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2],
# 'line': {'color': 'yellow'},
# })
# 設置圖表的title 和 x,y軸信息
chart_col.set_title({'name': 'The xxx site Bug Analysis'})
chart_col.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
chart_col.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
# 設置圖表的風格
chart_col.set_style(1)
# 把圖表插入到worksheet並設置偏移
worksheet.insert_chart('A10', chart_col, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
workbook.close()
import xlsxwriter
# 創建一個excel
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("chart_column.xlsx")
# 創建一個sheet
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet("bug_analysis")
# 自定義樣式,加粗
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# ---1、準備數據並寫入excel
# 向excel中寫入數據,建立圖標時要用到
headings = ['Number', 'testA', 'testB']
data = [
['2017-9-1', '2017-9-2', '2017-9-3', '2017-9-4', '2017-9-5', '2017-9-6'],
[10, 40, 50, 20, 10, 50],
[30, 60, 70, 50, 40, 30],
]
# 寫入表頭
worksheet.write_row('A1', headings, bold)
# 寫入數據
worksheet.write_column('A2', data[0])
worksheet.write_column('B2', data[1])
worksheet.write_column('C2', data[2])
# ---2、生成圖表並插入到excel
# 創建一個柱狀圖(column chart)
chart_col = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'column'})
# 配置第一個系列數據
chart_col.add_series({
# 這裡的sheet1是默認的值,因為我們在新建sheet時沒有指定sheet名
# 如果我們新建sheet時設置了sheet名,這裡就要設置成相應的值
'name': '=Sheet1!$B$1',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '=Sheet1!$B$2:$B$7',
'line': {'color': 'red'},
})
# 配置第二個系列數據(用了另一種語法)
chart_col.add_series({
'name': '=Sheet1!$C$1',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$A$7',
'values': '=Sheet1!$C$2:$C$7',
'line': {'color': 'yellow'},
})
# 配置第二個系列數據(用了另一種語法)
# chart_col.add_series({
# 'name': ['Sheet1', 0, 2],
# 'categories': ['Sheet1', 1, 0, 6, 0],
# 'values': ['Sheet1', 1, 2, 6, 2],
# 'line': {'color': 'yellow'},
# })
# 設置圖表的title 和 x,y軸信息
chart_col.set_title({'name': 'The xxx site Bug Analysis'})
chart_col.set_x_axis({'name': 'Test number'})
chart_col.set_y_axis({'name': 'Sample length (mm)'})
# 設置圖表的風格
chart_col.set_style(1)
# 把圖表插入到worksheet以及偏移
worksheet.insert_chart('A10', chart_col, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
workbook.close()
效果如下:
import xlsxwriter
# 創建一個excel
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook("chart_pie.xlsx")
# 創建一個sheet
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# 自定義樣式,加粗
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1})
# ---1、準備數據並寫入excel
# 向excel中寫入數據,建立圖標時要用到
data = [
['closed', 'active', 'reopen', 'NT'],
[1012, 109, 123, 131],
]
# 寫入數據
worksheet.write_row('A1', data[0], bold)
worksheet.write_row('A2', data[1])
# ---2、生成圖表並插入到excel
# 創建一個柱狀圖(pie chart)
chart_col = workbook.add_chart({'type': 'pie'})
# 配置第一個系列數據
chart_col.add_series({
'name': 'Bug Analysis',
'categories': '=Sheet1!$A$1:$D$1',
'values': '=Sheet1!$A$2:$D$2',
'points': [
{'fill': {'color': '#00CD00'}},
{'fill': {'color': 'red'}},
{'fill': {'color': 'yellow'}},
{'fill': {'color': 'gray'}},
],
})
# 設置圖表的title 和 x,y軸信息
chart_col.set_title({'name': 'Bug Analysis'})
# 設置圖表的風格
chart_col.set_style(10)
# 把圖表插入到worksheet以及偏移
worksheet.insert_chart('B10', chart_col, {'x_offset': 25, 'y_offset': 10})
workbook.close()
def fun7_5():
# 創建Exce並添加sheet
workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('demo.xlsx')
worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet()
# 設置列寬
worksheet.set_column('A:A', 20)
# 設置格式
bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': True})
# 添加文字內容
worksheet.write('A1', 'Hello')
# 按格式添加內容
worksheet.write('A2', 'World', bold)
# 寫一些數字
worksheet.write(2, 0, 123)
worksheet.write(3, 0, 123.456)
# 添加圖片
worksheet.insert_image('B5', 'demo.png')
workbook.close()