Hey there I'm Emma from mmmEnglish! Today's pronunciation lesson is all about some extremely common English words, like this word and actually this word, like all the others that I'm gonna share today has more than just one meaning.
嘿，我是Emma，歡迎來到美味英語頻道。今天的發音課是關於一些非常見的英語單詞，例如這個單詞，實際上這個詞，就像我今天要分享的所有其他詞一樣，不僅僅具有一種意義。
It can be more than one type of word. It can be a verb and a noun so of course, a verb and a noun, the meaning is different and interestingly, the pronunciation is different.
它可以是不止一類單詞。它可以是動詞和名詞，當然了，也可以是一個動詞和一個名詞，意思是不同的，有趣的是，發音也是不同的。
I mean which really is quite annoying but we're going to take a look at some of these different words and learn some cool tricks so that you know how to pronounce them correctly so you ready to dive in? So let's start nice and simple with this word.
我的意思是這真的很煩人，但我們要看看其中一些不同的單詞，並學習一些很酷的技巧，這樣你就可以知道如何正確地發音，所以你準備好了嗎？所以讓我們從這個簡單的單詞開始吧。
Now there's actually two ways to pronounce this word. Do you know them?
這個單詞實際上有兩種發音方法。你認識它們嗎？
Do you know them already? We have tear.
你已經認識它們了嗎？我們哭了。
And tear. Can you hear the different vowel sounds that I'm using in each word?
和撕裂。你能聽到我在每個單詞中使用的不同的元音嗎？
But now I want you to try saying it out loud and I want you to listen to make sure that there's a difference in the vowel sounds that you're using. Nice! I always like to remember that a tear comes down near your ear and you know when you hold something up to tear it you're holding it up in the air right.
但是現在我要你嘗試大聲說出來，我想讓你聽，確保你使用的元音是有區別的。真棒！我總是喜歡記得那滴眼淚落在你的耳朵附近，而且當你舉起東西撕裂它的時候，你就是把它高高地舉在空中。
A little reminder there. So practise with me.
給大家一個小提醒。和我一起練習一下。
A tear rolled down his cheek as he saw his dad tear up his favourite book. Your turn.
當他看到父親撕壞了他最喜歡的書時，他的淚水滾落在臉頰上。輪到你了。
Nice! Now there are some clues in this sentence that help us to know which word is a noun and which one is a verb. So articles are always in front of nouns and when we have a subject, dad, and an object, our favourite book, we know that this must be a verb right?
真棒！這句話裡有一些線索，可以幫助我們知道哪個詞是名詞，哪個是動詞。冠詞總是在名詞前面，當我們有一個主語，爸爸，還有一個賓語，也就是我們最喜歡的書的時候，我們知道這一定是動詞吧？
We need it to complete the clause in the sentence. So I want you to keep looking for these clues as we go through this lesson okay keep looking for the types of words in each sentence as a clue for how to pronounce them.
我們需要它來完成句子中的子句。所以我希望大家在這節課進行的過程中繼續尋找這些線索，好嗎，繼續尋找每個句子中的單詞類型，作為如何發音的線索。
So as a noun this is a type of bird, right and it's pronounced /dv/. Dove. It's that short vowel sound.
因此，作為名詞，這是鳥的一種，對，發音是/dv/。鴿子。是短的元音。
But this word is also a verb. It's the past tense of 'dive'.
但是這個詞也是動詞。這是「潛水」的過去式。
And that's a diphthong vowel sound, the sound //. It's the same sound that you hear in 'go' and 'no'.
在這裡就是雙元音，是//音。這和形容詞 wounded 裡面是同樣的音。
He dove into the pool. So let's see if we can put those two words together in a sentence, might be a little tricky.
他跳入遊泳池。讓我們看看是否可以在一句話中把這兩個詞放在一起，可能有點難度。
Miraculously, the dove dove into the river to escape the cat. Your turn.
奇蹟般地，鴿子跳進河裡，拯救了那隻貓。輪到你了。
I don't know about you but I've never seen a dove dive into a river but there you go, that's what practice at mmmEnglish is all about. So how about this one?
我不認識你，但我從未見過鴿子潛入河中，但是這就是 mmmEnglish 的練習。那這個呢？
Do you know the different ways to pronounce this word? I think you probably know the verb, to lead right?
你知道這個單詞的不同發音方法嗎？你可能知道這個動詞，to lead？
And you really need to try and make that long vowel sound there. Make that sound too short, it'll sound like lid.
你真的需要努力把長元音給發出來。如果音發的太短的話，聽起來像蓋子這個詞了。
Now there are quite a few different uses for this verb so I'm gonna give you a few different examples. You lead the way!
這個動詞有很多不同的用法，所以我要給你舉幾個不同的例子。你帶路！
Last time I checked, the green team was leading the race. And I asked Sarah to lead this project for us.
上次我檢查的時候，綠色團隊率先勝出了。我請薩拉為我們領導這個項目。
So the verb form is probably the most common way that you'll come across it right? You'll hear it pronounced lead often.
所以動詞形式可能是你遇到的最常見的形式，對吧？你會經常聽到它發音是：/lid/。
But lead is also a metal. It's a noun.
但是 lead 也是一種金屬。這是一個名詞。
And so when it's used this way the pronunciation is /led/. And it used to be really commonly used in pipes and construction until people started realising that it was actually poisoning us.
因此，當以這種方式使用它時，發音是/led/。管道和建設中之前常會用到鉛，直到人們開始意識到鉛實際上是在毒害我們。
And it's also the dark part inside a pencil. That's also called lead, a lead pencil.
這也是鉛筆內部的深色部分。這也稱為鉛，一支鉛筆。
An exposure to lead can lead to serious health problems. He was asked to lead the children off the stage.
接觸鉛會導致嚴重的健康問題。他被要求帶孩子們離開舞臺。
Now one of the trickiest things here is trying to work out when to pronounce it as a verb and when to pronounce it as a noun. So usually we look at the words around it to give us a clue, to try and work out what type of word it is.
最棘手的事情之一就是去解決何時發動詞的音，以及何時發名詞的音。通常我們會看一下周圍的單詞，來給我們線索，嘗試搞清楚它到底是什麼類型的單詞。
But look here, we've got the preposition to coming before lead or lead in both examples. We have exposed to lead.
但是，看這裡，在兩個示例中，我們有介詞 to 在兩個 lead 之前出現。我們已經接觸到鉛了。
And he was asked to lead. So it's not always as simple as it seems.
和他被要求領導。因此，它並不總是看起來那麼簡單。
Now this one I know you know. What are the two different ways to pronounce this word and it's got nothing to do with the vowel sound.
我知道你肯定知道這個。這個詞有哪兩種不同的方法，但是是與元音無關的。
It's actually the consonant sound, close. That /z/ voiced consonant sound.
實際上，它是輔音，close。濁輔音/z/。
You know this is when we, you know, close a door or we close the shop early. But it can also be an adjective as well and when it's an adjective, we pronounce it as /kls/, to say that something is nearby or a short distance away.
你懂得，這就是我們關上門，或者是早早地關了店的這個音。但這也可以是形容詞，當它是一個形容詞時，發音是/kls/，用來說某個東西在附近或不遠的距離之外。
It's /kls/ and this is the unvoiced sound, exactly the same mouth and tongue position as the sound /z/, but /s/, it's made with air pushing through our mouths. Can you please close the door?
是/kls/，這是個清輔音，和/z/音的嘴巴舌頭位置是一樣的，但是/s/是空氣穿過嘴巴發出的音。你能關上門嗎？
Sounds a bit odd, doesn't it, because it's not the right word. Although you live close by, you still need to close the front door and lock up before you leave.
聽起來有點奇怪，對吧，因為這不是正確的詞。儘管你住在附近，但仍然需要在離開前關上前門，並鎖好。
So we're getting a little trickier now. Do you know the two different ways to pronounce this word?
現在更加複雜一點了呢。你知道這個詞兩種不同的發音方式嗎？
As a noun, this is an injury right especially when you cut your skin so it can be quite serious right? And it's pronounced wound with that long /u: / sound.
作為名詞，這是一種傷害，尤其是當你切到了自己的皮膚的時候，所以可能有點嚴重，對吧？發音是長音/u:/。
And this is the same sound that's used in the adjective wounded. So we would say the soldier was wounded on the battlefield.
這與形容詞中的音是相同的，wounded。所以我們會說那個士兵在戰場上受傷。
But this is also a verb, it's the past tense of wind, wound. Again it's that diphthong sound /au/.
但這也是動詞，這是 wind 的過去時，彎曲的。同樣的，那是個長元音/au/。
And it's the same sound that you hear in words like flower and frown. So it's wound.
就像你在花朵和皺眉中聽到的元音一樣。所以是/waund/。
He had wound up the window just as it started to rain.?Now let's put them together in a sentence.
剛開始下雨，他已經關上了窗戶。現在，讓我們把它們放在一個句子中。
Sam wound the belt tightly around his leg to stop the blood flowing from the open wound. So first things first, we are not talking about this right?
山姆緊緊地把皮帶綁在腿上來阻止血液從傷口流出。所以首先，我們不是在談論這個，對吧？
At least we know these are different words because they're spelt differently but did you know that this word can actually be a verb and a noun and the pronunciation is different when we're using each type of word and it's all in the syllable stress. We have desert.
至少我們知道這些是不同的詞，因為它們的拼寫不同，但是你知道這個詞實際上可以是動詞也可以是名詞嗎，當我們使用不同的類型時，發音是不同的，都在重讀音節中。我們有沙漠。
This is, you know, an area of land that doesn't have a lot of water. Then we've got the verb desert.
你知道，這是一塊沒有很多水的陸地。然後我們有動詞放棄。
Exactly like dessert right but it means to leave someone alone and to abandon them in the middle of nowhere. I'm not going to desert you in the middle of the desert.
和「甜點」完全一樣，對吧，但它的意思是著讓某個人隻身一人，拋棄他們茫茫荒野中。我不會在沙漠中拋棄你。
So again we've got a noun and a verb to consider here. An object, object is a thing, right?
同樣的，這裡也是一個名詞和一個動詞。一個東西，object 就是一個東西，對不對？
The stress is on the first syllable but the verb object means to be opposed to something you know, using words and it's quite a formal verb. Will you object if I move the object from the table?
重音在第一個音節上，但動詞 object 意味著反對你知道的東西，用話語來反對，這是一個挺正式的動詞。如果我將東西從桌子上移開，你反對嗎？
That is a really random sentence. So just to mix things up a little bit here, this word can be a noun and an adjective.
那是一個非常隨意的句子。只是為了讓事情變得更複雜一點點，這個詞可以是名詞，也可以是形容詞。
So the noun content is a really generic word. It's not very specific and you're probably most familiar with it in the context of social media.
因此，名詞 content 是一個非常普通的詞。它不是很具體，你可能在社交媒體的語境中最熟悉它。
It means any material or piece of writing or video or music that appears on a website, on Youtube, or on social media somewhere. This is called content.
它的意思是出現在網站上，Youtube上，或某個地方的社交媒體上的任何材料或文字，視頻或音樂。這被稱為內容。
I produce a lot of content on YouTube! Now if you are happy and satisfied with life, then you are content.
我在 YouTube 上製作了很多內容！如果你對生活感到滿意和滿意，那你就是 content。
The very best way to be. So when it's used as an adjective, the syllable stress shifts to the second syllable and the first syllable reduces right down so the vowel sound becomes a schwa.
這是最好的生活啦。所以當它用作形容詞時，音節重讀移到第二個音節上，第一個音節沒有重音了，元音就變成了中元音。
So listen to the difference between those two words. Are you content with the amount of content that you post on social media?
聽聽這兩個詞之間的區別。你是否滿足於你在社交媒體上發布的內容的數量？
So tell me how do we pronounce this word here? Because we can use it as an adjective to say that two things are not together then we say separate.
告訴我這個單詞該如何發音呢？因為我們可以將它用作形容詞，說兩個東西不在一起，那我們就會說 /sep()rt/。
Keep the cheese separate from the meat. And usually you just hear it pronounced with two syllables separate.
將奶酪與肉分開。通常你聽到它的發音都是兩個音節分開的。
But as a verb, / spret/, we hear three syllables right and it means to put things in groups so can you separate the red apples from the green ones? Separate.
但是作為動詞，/ spret/，我們聽到了三個音節，對吧，這意味著將事物分組，你能把紅蘋果和綠蘋果分開嗎？分開。
So let's compare them together. Practise out loud with me.
讓我們將它們比較一下吧。和我一起大聲練習。
Now even though these are different types of words, they do have a really similar meaning so we can compare them together. I try to separate my work life from my home life.
即使這些是不同類型的詞，它們確實有非常相似的含義，因此我們可以將它們進行比較。我試圖將工作生活與家庭生活區分開。
I try to keep my work life separate from my home life. Okay we're going to end on a tricky one.
我試圖將我的工作生活與家庭生活分開。好吧，我們用一個比較難的來結束啦。
I'm wondering if you've ever heard this word before and if you know how to pronounce it but it actually follows a really similar pattern to the previous word, right? As an adjective, we say /dlb()rt/, meaning that an action was fully intended or it was carefully considered. It wasn't done by accident.
我想知道你以前聽過這個詞嗎，如果你知道如何發音的話，但實際上它遵循的模式和之前那個單詞很相似吧？作為形容詞，我們說/dlb()rt/，意思是一個動作是完全在計劃之中的，或者是經過仔細考慮的。這並非偶然。
He made a deliberate attempt to embarrass me in front of my boss. Now as a verb, the pronunciation changes to deliberate.
他故意使我在老闆面前難堪。作為動詞，其發音變為/dlbret/。
So we've got four syllables. The second is the strongest and the fourth is also strong.
因此，我們有四個音節。第二個最強，第四個也很強。
So to deliberate is to think really carefully about something and to consider all the different options. So again the word types are different but the meaning is quite similar.
因此，to deliberate 的意思就是認真考慮，並考慮所有不同的選擇。同樣的，單詞類型是不同的，但是意思很相似。
So deliberate means that something is carefully considered and to deliberate means that well the verb is to carefully consider, right? We don't need to deliberate over how deliberate his actions were.
所以形容詞 deliberate意味著某些事情是謹慎的考慮的，而動詞 deliberate的意思是，是的，動詞的意思是認真思考，對吧？我們不需要仔細考慮他的行為是多麼刻意的。
So there you have it! I hope that this lesson highlighted how important pronunciation is, especially vowel sounds in English.
所以就這麼多啦！我希望本節課有重點介紹發音的重要性，尤其是在英語中元音的重要性。
Often they're the only thing that separates one word from another. Now before we finish up, I want to quickly go over the pronunciation of all these words again so get ready to say them out loud with me.
通常，它們是把一個單詞和另一個單詞分開的唯一依據。在我們完成之前，我想快速地再來複習一下所有這些單詞的發音，所以準備好跟我大聲說出來吧。
Awesome work everyone! Don't forget to hit that subscribe button just down there so that you never miss an mmmEnglish lesson and I've got more for you to practise with right here.
大家都太棒了！別忘了點擊那裡的訂閱按鈕，這樣你就不會錯過mmmmEnglish 課程，我還有更多的課程可以讓你繼續練習。
See you in there!