1. 用although / though引導:although與though雖然拼寫不同,但意思相同,都表示「雖然」,常可互換。如:Though they are twins, they look entirely different. 他們雖是孿生,但是相貌卻完全不同。Although she didn’t say anything I sensed (that) she didn’t like the idea. 她雖然什麼也沒說但我已意識到她不喜歡這個主意。
注意,不要按漢語習慣說although…but…。如:儘管她父親在公司裡,但她那份工作卻是靠自己得到的。誤:Although her father is in the firm, but she got the job on her own.正:Although her father is in the firm, she got the job on her own.
2. as 作「雖然」解,引導讓步狀語從句時,從句中的狀語、表語或動詞必須置於句首,though 引導的讓步狀語從句,也可將這些成分置於句首,但 although 等其它詞引導的讓步狀語從句不能將這些成分前置。如:Hard as/though they tried (=Although/Though they tried hard), they couldn’t make her change her mind. 儘管他們做了很大努力,卻沒法讓她改變主意。引導讓步狀語從句時,若提前的是可數名詞單數,要省略不定冠詞。如:Child as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他是孩子,但他卻很懂事了。
3. 用even though / even if引導:even though和even if意思相同,均表示「即使」,常可互換。如:Even though you have a lot of money, I won’t love you. 即使你有很多錢,我也不會愛你。Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can’t be sure he stole it. 就算你看見是他拾起的錢,你也不能肯定錢就是他偷的。
4. 用whether…or引導:whether…or…的意思是「無論……還是……」「不管……還是……」。如:I』ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜歡,我都要做。Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不論我們幫助他與否, 他都將失敗。
5. 用特殊詞引導:除上面提到的最常用的引導讓步狀語從句的詞語外,有時還可用那些以-ever結尾的詞語來引導,如whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等,它們的意思與no matter what, no matter who, no matter how, no matter when, no matter where等,意思是「無論什麼」「無論是誰」「無論多麼」「無論什麼時候」「無論什麼地方」等。如:
Whatever you say, I believe you. 無論你說什麼,我都相信你。Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是誰打電話,都說我出去了。However much he eats, he never gets fat. 無論他吃多少,他都不發胖。
6.另外,還有一個大家比較熟悉的詞也可引導讓步狀語從句,那就是while,它除了表示「當……時候」外,還可表示「儘管」「雖然」,此時引導的是讓步狀語從句。如:While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 儘管我們意見不同,我們還是朋友。表示「雖然」的連詞不能與表示「但是」的連詞 but 連用,但可以 yet 或 still 等副詞連用。如:誤:Though it was raining, but he went there.正:Though it was raining, he went there.正:It was raining, but he went there.正:Though it was raining, yet he went there.