1. 語法詳解
一、介詞的概述：
介詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立使用。介詞之後一般有名詞、代詞或相當於名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語，構成介詞短語。
一、介詞的分類：
介詞短語的分類：
三、常用介詞用法解析
In：
① 表示時間：早、中、晚、年、月、季節、e.g: in the morning, in 2018, in November, in autumn.
② 表示地點：in the room, in China, in the sun.
③ 表示方式: in Chinese,
④ 其他：in trouble, in surprise,
1. Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.
2. Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.
On :
表示時間：星期、具體到某一天（早晨、中午、晚上）e.g：on Monday, on Monday morning,on time
表示地點：在...上面；在左/右e.g: on the table, on the left, on one’s way to
表示方式：on foot,
其他：on duty, on show
1. Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.
2. Thereisnothing____tomorrowafternoon,isthere?
At:
表示時間：在黎明、午夜、點、分。E.g：at night, at 7, at once
表示地點：at home, at school
表示狀態：at work, at war
表示價格、速度: at 300 kilometers, at the price of
在某一方面：at English
1. Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.
2. Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.
From:
(1) 表示來源、起點：自、從。We should learn from hard-working scientists.
(2) 表示原因、動機：He did so from a sense of duty.
(3) 表示距離、間隔：Far from eye, far from heart.
(4) 表示原材料：Steel is made from iron.
(5) 固定搭配：from beginning to end從頭到尾，from now on 從現在起，
from bad to worse 越來越糟:每況愈下，
prevent/ stop /keep...from doing sth
1. ThiskindofVCDismade____China.
2. Our school is farmy home.
For:
ü 表示一段時間或距離：We haven’t seen each other for a long time.
ü 表示方向、目標：He got on the next plane for Japan.
ü 表示目的、對象：I wrote a letter for him.
ü 表示原因：I’m sorry for being late.
ü 就...而言：Today is cold for September.
ü 當做、作為：I took Xiaozhang for Xiaowang.
ü 固定短語：for example 例如，for ever 永遠，for sale 出售，for one's good 為某人好，
stand for 代表， long for 渴望，look for 尋找，prepare for 準備，for a while 暫時;一時， for free 免費， change.. .for...用...換... ， be fit for 適合於 care for 照顧;關心，wait for 等待， go in for 愛好;從事。
Across:
a. 表示動作方向、位置：穿過，橫過。The boy helped the blind man across the street.
b. 表示地點：在...對面。The post office is just across the road.
Over:
u 表示地點、地位、職權：He is over me in the office.
u 表示數目、程度：He is over fifty.
u 表示時間：在...期間。Can’t you stay over the weekend?
u 固定搭配: over the radio 通過無線電，在收音機上, over the telephone 通過電話
all over the world 全世界, all over the country 全國, go over檢查;複習;
be over 結束over again一再;再一次 over all全面地 over there在那邊
By:
表示地點: 在..旁邊。Come here and stand by me.
表示方式、手段：乘交通工具、用、靠。By hand, What’s the time by your watch?
表示時間：到...的時候，到... 為止。She will get here by 3 in the afternoon.
表程度、尺寸、數量等，以...。He is paid by the hour.
固定搭配：by and by 不久以後, stand by 支持;遵守, learn by heart記住, by chance/accident 偶然by oneself獨自地, by the way 順便說一句, little by little逐漸地;一點一點地, by mistake由於差錯所, by day日間; 白天裡, day by day逐日; 一天天地by sea 乘船, by the side of在...旁, one by one一個一個地, side by side肩並肩
With：
(1) 表示共同關係：Con you come and stay with us for a time?
(2) 表示工具、手段：He wrote a letter with a pencil.
(3) 表示所屬關係: 具有、帶有。Have you any money with you?
(4) 表示原因：The little is trembling with cold.
(5) 就...來說：Is everything good with you?
(6) 固定搭配：compare... with... 把...進行比較, catch up with 趕上, go on with 繼續幹下去,
do away with 廢除, have to do with 與....有關, keep up with 跟上
meet with (無意中)碰到, help... with 幫助做(某事) , supply... with (sth.) 供應 [be angry at (sth.) 對...... (事)生氣__ be angry with (sb.) 對..... (人)生氣, be satisfied with 對.....滿意, jump with joy 高興得跳起來
get along/on with進展，與....相處, down with 打倒, together with和....起
along with 隨同
(7) Within: 表示地點、位置。The tickets give students unlimited free travel within the UK.
表示時間。 He will come back within half an hour.
(8) without：不、沒有。You can’t buy things without money.
About:
關於、有關：What is all this about?
在...周圍、在...附近：They stood about him as he sat down.
大約...，近於....: The story happened about 3 years ago.
Against:
1) 表示位置：倚著；撞擊。The ladder was against the wall.
2) 反對：Nobody has got anything against you.
Off:
1. 自...離開，與onto相反。The cat jumped off the table.
2. 下班，與on相反。I am off duty today.
Before:
表示時間：Pride goes before a fall.
表示位置：Harder tasks are before us.
固定短語：before time 提前，before long 不久， long before 很久以前，
After：1. 時間、位置之後。It is easy to be wise after event.
2. 按照，仿照。That was a play after Shakespeare.
3. 探求，追。A police is running after a thief.
Of：
表示所屬：The old car of mine gives me trouble all the time.
表示具有某種性質、內容、狀況：Would you like another cup of tea?
表示數量或種類: We need two more tons of coal.
表示同位關係：He came here in the month of May.
表示動賓關係：It is a waste of time to walk with her.
固定短語: of course 當然, think of... 想到...., (all) of a sudden 突然, talk of...談 到....of one's own 某人自己的, read of...讀 到...., of all...在所有的....中, remind sb. of... 提醒某..., .first of all 首先, be made up of... 由... 組成, out of order 出毛病, be tired of...討厭， .....out of control 失控, be sick of... 討厭.....， out of breath 上氣不接下氣， be fond of...喜歡...，out of work 失業， be afraid of... 害怕......， by means of...， 通過....的方式， be ashamed of...為...感到慚愧， all kinds/sorts of...各種各樣的......， be proud of...為...感到自蒙， a kind of... 一種..... ， keep a record of...記錄... , instead of... 代替, rob... of搶走, plenty of..足夠的..., cure... of醫好
To:
表示方向、距離：到，向。Please give my regrets to your parents.
表示時間、程度：達到，到...為止。It’s ten to eleven.
表示間接關係：To whom did you send the message?
表示目的：Let;s drink to our health.
表示比較：The score is 5 to 2.
固定搭配： to one’s joy/ surprise 使某人高興/驚訝的是....., to this day 直到今天, devote oneself to 獻身於，致力於, look forward to 盼望;期望, look to the right/left朝右(左)看, listen to 聽, come back to one's life 復活;甦醒過來, pay attention to注意; 關心, thanks to由於; 幸虧;多虧, be used to 習慣於, get to 到達
四、介詞短語在句中的作用：
(1) 作狀語：The house is located in the centre of a thick wood.
(2) 作定語：I have lost the key to the door of my room.
(3) 作表語: The baby is like his mother.
(4) 作賓語補足語: I found him at home.