2018年自考《美國文學選讀》複習試題及答案
1、The Colonial Period (1607-1765)
American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th)
北美第一位女詩人Anne Bradstreet(宗教氣息，夫妻恩愛)
Edward Taylor 都受英國玄學派影響(metaphysical)
2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period
Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---「美國夢」的根源
3、American Romanticism（end of 18 th to the civil war )
American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.
早期浪漫主義Washington Irving father of American Literature 短篇小說
James Fenimore Cooper 歷史，冒險，邊疆小說《The Leather-stocking Tales>文明發展對大自然的摧殘與破壞
William Cullen Bryant 美國第一個浪漫主義詩人《To a Waterfowl>美國山水，謳歌大自然，歌頌美國生活現實
Edgar Allan Poe ---(48 poems,70 short stories)
He greatly influenced the devotees of 「Art for art’s sake.」
He was father of psychoanalytic criticism , and the detective story.
Ralph Waldo Emerson---The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism
American Transcendentalism (also known as 「 American Renaissance」 ) It is the high tide of American romanticism Transcendentalists spoke for the cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 《Nature》---the Bible of Transcendentalism by Emerson 《Self-Reliance》表達他的超驗主義觀點
Henry David Thoreau- Walden
he regarded nature as a symbol of spirit.Thoreau was very critical of modern civilization.
小說家：Hawthorne-贊成超驗He is a master of symbolism The Scarlet Letter《紅字》
Melville 懷疑，悲觀，sailing experiences Moby Dick百科全書式性質/海洋作品/動物史詩
詩人Longfellow《 I Shot an Arrow...》《A Psalm of Life》第一首被完整地介紹到中國的美國詩歌
Whitman (Free Verse---without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme )
《Leaves of Grass》《 One's Self I Sing》《O Captain! My Captain!》song
Dickinson inner life of the individual ---died for beauty
4、 The Age of Realism
James upper reaches of American society.
Howells, concerned himself chiefly with middle class life.
Twain the lower strata of society. humor and local colorism
American Naturalism 自然主義(新型現實)
Stephen Crane;《Maggie: A Girl of the Streets》《The Red Badge of Courage》pessimistic
Theodore Dreiser;Sister Carrie;Jennie Gerhardt;An American Tragedy(Trilogy of Desire)
O.Henry (William Sydney Porter)：The Gift of the Magi;The Cop and the anthem
Jack London：The Call of the Wild;Martin Eden
5、 The Modern Period The 1920s-1930s ( the second renaissance of American literature)
The Roaring Twenties ，The Jazz Age ，「lost」(Gertrude Stein) and 「waste land」(T.S.Eliot)
現代主義小說家
F. Scott Fitzgerald：《The Great Gatsby》 被視為美國文學「爵士時代」的象徵，以美國夢American Dream為主線。
Hemingway迷惘一代Iceberg Principle (Theory):The dignity of movement of the iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.
《The Sun Also Rises 1926》《The Old Man and the Sea 》
William Faulkner ：Yoknapatawpha Country---以故鄉為原型虛構南方貴族家庭的沒落
The Sound and the Fury 取自莎士比亞的《麥克白》
Anderson ：《Winesburg, Ohio 》，又稱「小鎮畸人」
現代主義詩人：Two characteristic strains：introspection自省&social criticism
Imagism 意象派
Pound：《In a Station of the Metro》《Cantos》
Stevens：《Anecdote of the Jar》〈The Man with the Blue Guitar>
Williams:
T.S.Eliot::
浪漫派：Frost：《The Road Not Taken》《Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 》
Hughes：---Poet Laureate of Harlem，Harlem Renaissance 開創黑人文學
Dreams 《夢想》 Border Line 《分界線》
6、當代，後現代時期 The Post-War Period (The Beat Generation ，Black Humor，尋找自我)
Ellison(黑人)： Invisible Man 《看不見的人》---「尋找自我」主題的代表作
Allen Ginsberg(Jewish)：《Howl》—跨掉的一代代表作