內 容 提 要
形容詞和副詞在語法結構中主要用於比較級和最高級。形容詞和副詞的構成形式基本上一樣，它們的形式與單音節、雙音節和多音節有關，當然還有其特殊形式。形容詞和副詞比較級的基本用法分為同級比較、比較級和最高級三種形式。但這三種形式都有它們特殊的表達方式以及它們的慣用法。對以下要點大家須一一掌握。
I形容詞比較級和最高級的形式
一、形容詞比較級和最高級的構成
形容詞的比較級和最高級變化形式規則如下
構 成 法
原 級
比 較 級
最 高 級
① 一般單音節詞末尾加?er 和 ?est
strong
stronger
strongest
② 單音節詞如果以?e結尾，只加?r 和?st
strange
stranger
strangest
③ 閉音節單音節詞如末尾只有 一個輔音字母，
須先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加?er和?est
sad
big
hot
sadder
bigger
hotter
saddest
biggest
hottest
④ 少數以?y,?er(或?ure),?ow,?ble結尾的雙音節詞， 末尾加?er和?est(以?y結尾的詞，如?y前是輔音字母， 把y變成i，再加?er和?est，以?e結尾的詞仍加?r和?st)
angry
clever
narrow
noble
angrier
cleverer
narrower
nobler
angrest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest
⑤ 其他雙音節和多音節詞都在前面加單詞more和most
different
more
different
most
different
1) The most high [A] mountain in [B] the world is Mount Everest， which is situated [C] in Nepal and is twenty?nine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high [D] .
2) This house is spaciouser [A] than that [B] white [C] one I bought in Rapid City， South Dakota [D] last year.
3) Research in the social [A] sciences often proves difficulter [B] than similar [C] work in the physical [D] sciences.
二、形容詞比較級或最高級的特殊形式：
1. 三個或三個以上音節的形容詞只能加more和most
只能說 more beautiful而不能說beautifuller; 只能說the most beautiful而不能說beautifullest。
但是，以形容前綴?un結尾的三音節形容詞不適合上述情況，如unhappy,untidy，我們可以說：unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2. 由?ING分詞和?ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規則動詞如know→known)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級
more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
4) The drawings [A] of the old masters [B] are among the treasuredest [C] works in museums [D] .
3. 英語裡有些形容詞由於其詞義而不可能有比較級形式
absolute
fatal
main
right
universal
chief
final
naked
simulta-
utter
entire
foremost
perfect
neous
vital
eternal
inevitable
possible
sufficient
whole
excellent
infinite
primary
supreme
wooden
三、不規則形容詞的比較級和最高級形式
good well better best
bad ill worse worst
many much more most
little few less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
5) African elephants are larger， fiercer， and difficulter [A] to tame [B] than [C] Asian elephants [D] .
6) Sarah Hale became [A] one of the famousest [B] magazine [C] editors in the United States during [D] the 1800’s.
7) Of all [A] the Native American tribes [B] ， the Shawnee Indians were [C] a most [D] transient.
四、例題解析
1) A錯。應將「most high」改為highest。這是在考形容詞比較級的構成形式。
2) A錯。改為more spacious。
3) B錯。 改為more difficult。
4) C錯。 treasured 在本句中是?ED分詞(動詞treasure +ed)作形容詞使用，是「寶貴的、珍貴的」意思，修飾名詞 works(作品)，其最高級形式應用 the most treasured。
5) A錯，改為more difficult。
6) B錯。改為「the most famous」，因為famous(著名的)是雙音節，其最高級變化應在前面加「the most」。
7) D錯。應改為「the most」，因為此處表示的是最高級，「the most transient」意為「(延續時間)最短暫的」。
II 副詞比較級和最高級的形式
副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣
一般 副詞
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副詞
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least
但是，開放類副詞即以後綴?ly結尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加?er或?est，如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
[注]： early中的?ly不是後綴，故可以把?y變?i再加?er和?est
III形容詞與副詞比較級和最高級的基本用法
一、原級比較的基本用法
1. 原級比較由「as+形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)+as 」構成「原級相同」比較句，表示兩者比較;其否定式，即「程度不及」比較句型為「not so(as) +形容詞或副詞+as」，而且as…as結構前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
[A] to run for fifteen minutes
[B] running for fifteen minutes
[C] you run for fifteen minutes
[D] fifteen?minute walking
2) The gorilla(大猩猩)， while [A] not quite as curious than [B] the chimpanzee(黑猩猩)， shows more persistence [C] and memory retention(記憶力) in solving [D] a problem.
3) Alaska is twice [A] as larger [B] as [C] the next largest [D] state， Texas.
2. 「as (so)+名詞+as+名詞」進行名詞比較，這時一般情況下有一個表示原級的比較詞，但如果第一名詞前出現了形容詞修飾該詞或出現副詞修飾謂語，應當用so而不用as
4) Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
[A] such
[B] more
[C] as
[D] than
5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考題)
[A] that
[B] so
[C] this
[D] as
二、比較級
1. 比較級由「形容詞(副詞)比較級+than+…，」構成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方「更加…」。連詞than後可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動詞、動詞不定式、?ING結構和?ED結構，有時也可省去than。
6) Natural mica(雲母) of [A] a superior [B] quality is cheapest [C] to obtain than synthetic [D] mica.
7) She is older than .
[A] any other girl in the group
[B] any girl in the group
[C] all girls in the group
[D] you and me as well as the group
8) Josephine McCrackin joined [A] the 「Santa Cruz Sentinel」 in 1905 and， until her death fifteen years late [B] ， remained [C] active in journalistic [D] work.
2. 注意than前後兩項相比較的人或事物要一致
9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
[A] ours
[B] with us
[C] for ours it had
[D] it did for us
10) Sound travels air.
[A] faster through water than through
[B] faster than through water and
[C] through water faster and
[D] where it is faster through water than through
11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout， one of Rembrand’s pupils， followed [A] the style of his teacher so implicitly that [B] his paintings [C] are sometimes confused with his master [D] .
三、最高級
1. 最高級用於三者以上比較，形容詞的結構形式是「定冠詞+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示範圍的短語或從句」(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
12) The more [A] fearsome of all the [B] animals in [C] the Western [D] Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
13) Of all economic [A] problems， inflation continues to be [B] a [C] most significant in its daily impact on [D] people and business.
14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
[A] All the activities
[B] The activities
[C] Of all the activities
[D] It is the activities