行式否定,意義肯定
英語中有些形式上否定而內容含義卻是肯定的結構,譯成漢語時不能拘泥於文原文表層結構的否定,要忠實於原文含義,即譯出此類否定結構的肯定含義。
1.cannot…too
意為「越……越……,非常,無論怎樣……也不過分」。在此結構中cannot也可用can hardly,scarcely,never,impossible;too也可改用over,enough,sufficient等。例如:
You cannotbe too cautious. 你越謹慎越好。
We can hardlypraise his achievement too much. 對他的成就我們無論怎樣讚揚也不過分。
A man can neverhave too many friends. 朋友越多越好。
注意:「cannot wait+不定式」=「be eager to…急於做」,表示強調的肯定意義。例如:
I cannot wait toread the book. 我非常渴望讀到這本書。
He can't wait tosee her. 他渴望見到她。
2.no(nobody)……but
意為「都……,沒有………不……,只有……才……」。例如:
There is noman but has his faults. 人皆有過。
Nobodyreads the book but will be moved. 誰讀了這本書都會受感動。
注意:
(1)這種結構中的but起關係代詞的作用,相當於that,which,who does(will,have…)not。
(2)在疑問詞或否定詞後面,but都含有否定意義,不論是作代詞還是連詞均表示雙重否定,也就是肯定,意為「沒有……不」等。比較:
No one believes thatshe will succeed. 沒有人相信她會成功。(否定)
No one believes butshe will succeed. 人們相信她會成功。(雙重否定表肯定)
There's no one thatknows him. 沒有人認識他。(否定)
There's no one but knows him. 人人都認識他。(肯定)
(3)注意下面三句:
You will not find the answer but(that)you study it thoroughly. 你不深入研究就找不到答案。(=只有……才能,條件狀語)
He is not such a fool buthe can tell a friend from a foe.他並沒有愚蠢到敵友不分。(程度狀語)
But (that)you lend him a large sum of money,he would have gone bankrupt. 要不是你借給了他一大筆錢,他早就破產了。(條件狀語,這種結構中的主句要用虛擬語氣。)