專題十一 簡單句、並列句
簡單句
(一)基本概念
只包含一個主語(或並列主語)和一個謂語(或並列謂語)的句子，稱作簡單句。在簡單句中主語和謂語是句子的主幹，是句子的核心。除了主語和謂語外，簡單句中還可以有賓語、表語、補語、狀語、定語等。
(二)句型結構 簡單句可歸納為五個基本句型。
1.主語+謂語 這種句型簡稱為主謂結構，其謂語一般都是不及物動詞，後面可以有其他成分修飾。
如：Things change. He smiles happily.
2.主語+連繫動詞+表語 這種句型稱為主系表結構。
如：Mr. Smith is an artist. The hamburger tastes good.
註：表語位於系動詞之後。常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動詞的-ing、從句來充當。
常見系動詞有：
(1)表狀態系動詞---be 如：
He is a teacher. He is ill.
(2)持續系動詞--用來表示主語繼續或保持一種狀況或態度，常見有keep, remain, stay,如：
He always kept silent。
(3)表像系動詞--用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look,如：
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad.
(4)感官系動詞---感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. That sounds interesting.
This flower smells very sweet. It tastes delicious.
(5)變化系動詞--這些系動詞表示主語變成什麼樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,等.。如：
He became mad after that. I get tired. She grew tall。
3. 主語+謂語+賓語 謂語一般多是及物動詞。賓語有兩種 ：間接賓語和直接賓語
如：We like music.
I had eggs for breakfast.
4.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
一般間接賓語位於直接賓語的前面，有時它們也可交換位置，這是需要在間接賓語的前面加上介詞to 或for 。
如：He gave his sister the book.=He gave the book to his sister.
常見雙賓結構：
可轉換成帶to結構的有：
bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb)
show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) write sb sth (write sth to sb )
可轉換成帶for結構的有：
buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )
make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )
5.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓補
賓語補足語常由形容詞、名詞、數詞、介詞短語、不帶to的不定式或v+ing、V+ed等充當。
如：I found the book easy.(形容詞easy作補語)
I'll let him go.(不定式go用作補語)
(三) There be句型
1、結構：There be句型是一種主語後置的倒裝句，常表示某處有某人或某物。
具體結構為：There be+人/物+其他+(地點)。
2、用法：
(1)、There be句型中動詞be單複數形式要跟there be之後的主語保持一致。並且要根據就近一致原則來變換be 的單複數形式。
如:There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
(2)、There be句型中的be 有各種時態，有時還會在be前插入情態動詞。
如： There is going to be a meeting tonight.
There must be some flowers in the box.
(3)、There be句型可換成There come / go,以引起注意,加強語氣。
如:There comes the bus.
(4)、 There be句型的否定句和疑問句變化主要是be之後加not和be提到there之前。
如：There isn’t any rain these days.
Are there any people in the room?
並列句
(一) 基本概念及構成
兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用and, but, or, so等並列連詞連在一起構成的句子,叫做並列句,其基本結構是「簡單句+並列連詞+簡單句」。
如: I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.
Hurry up，or you'll be late.
(二)連詞用法
1、表並列關係的連詞有and，both...and…兩者都, as well as還有, not only...but (also)不但…而且…, neither...nor既不…也不…等。
如：Work hard, and you』ll pass the exam.
She not only sings but also dances.
2、錶轉折關係的有but, however然而，while然而，still, yet然而等。
如：The film is not perfect, however, it's good.
I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.
I like tea while she likes coffee.(表對比)
3、表選擇關係的有or, either...or...或者…或者…, not...but...不是…而是…等。
如：Hurry up, or you』ll be late.
Either Tom or his sisters are coming.
4、表因果關係的有for因為, so所以, because等。
如：I'd better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.
The manager was ill so she didn’t go to work.
(三)特殊的並列句
1. 祈使句 + and +一般將來時的句子
如：Work hard, and you』ll pass the exam.
2. 祈使句 + or + 一般將來時的句子
如：Hurry up, or you』ll be late.
實戰演練(2×50) 計分:
1.---____ is her daughter? ---The girl on the right wearing blue jeans.
A. Who B. What C. Which
2. ______ does your mother do? She is a worker.
A. Who B. how C. What
3. ---Excuse me. _____do you say 「autumn」 in American English?
---It’s 「fall」.
A. How B. When C. Why
4. --___ do I take the medicine, Mr. Wang?--Twice a day after meals.
A. How long B. How many C. How often
5. Eric’s never seen a three-D movie at the cinema, _____?
A. hasn’t he B. has he C. is he
6. --I’m sorry I can’t lend you the e-dictionary.
--_____? Didn’t you promise me?
A. What B. How C. When
7. We bought her a birthday present, _____ she liked it very much.
A. or B. and C. but
8. — Didn’t you give gifts to your father on Father’s Day?
— Oh, not only my father, _____ my grandpa got red gifts.
A. or B. and C. but
9. — Would you like to go to the concert with me?
— I』d love to, _____ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do.
A. or B. but C. and
10. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.
A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or
11. None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They are _____ too big _____ too small.
A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or
12. 「Are you going to eat here ____ take it away?」 asked the waiter.
A. and B. so C. or
13. Tom is cleaning the house _____ some of his friends are coming for dinner.
A. because B. but C. so
14. There is a lot of traffic in this city, _____ look both ways before crossing the street.
A. so B. and C. for
15. Study hard, _____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.
A. or B. and C. for
16. Be quick, _____ we』ll be late for class.
A. or B. and C. but
17. Come a little earlier next time, _____ you』ll miss the best part of the TV play.
A. and B. but C. or
18. There ______ ice on the road last week.
A. was B. were C. are
19. There ______ a football match on the playground this afternoon.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be
20. He ________say _________.
A. didn’t; anything B. don’t; something C. doesn’t; something
21. --- Would you like to come to the party tonight?
---Yes, _________.
A. I would be B. I do C. I』d like to
22. ---The Changjiang River isn’t the longest river in China, is it?
---___________.
A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. No, it is.
23. ---________ is a kilo of oranges?
---10 yuan a kilo.
A. How many B. How much C. How heavy
24. ---Does he like music?
---__________.
A. Yes, he likes. B. Yes, he do. C. Yes, he does.
25. ___________ is the population of China?
A. How much B. What C. How many
26. ---_________ do you think of the movie?
---Great!
A. How B. What C. Why
27. ---_______ you _______ TV now?
---No, you can turn it off.
A. Did; watch B. Do; watch C. Are; watching
28. --_______ are you going this summer vacation?
--To Beijing!
A. Where B. How C. Why
29. ---_______________?
---He is tall.
A. How is he B. What does he like C. What does he look like
30. ---_______ do you study for a test?
---By working with a group.
A. What B. How C. Where
31. ---Must I come to the office at three o』clock this afternoon?
---No, you ________.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t
32. They are _______ young ______ carry the box onto the table.
A. enough; to B. so; that C. too; to
33. They ______lunch at home every day.
A. have not B. didn’t have C. don’t have
34. We always keep our classroom clean, so we _______ clean it every day.
A. don’t have B. don’t need C. don’t have to
35. Yesterday he ________ some reading at home.
A. does B. didn’t C. didn’t do
36. ---Have you seen the film?
---No, __________.
A. I don’t B. I haven’t C. I didn’t
37.--- Can you speak English?
---Yes, _________.
A. we can’t B. we can C. we don’t
38. ---Are there any trees in the park?
---Yes, __________.
A. they are B. there is C. there are
39. __________ I come in?
A. May B. Will C. Would
40. _______the old man get up early every morning?
A. Is B. Has C. Does
41.--- _______ do you like the new play?
--- It’s good and interesting.
A. How B. What C. Which
42. ---________ is your telephone number?
---865 2738.
A. How much B. How many C. What
43. Mrs Black doesn’t like these people,__________?
A. does she B. do she C. is she
44.There is little milk in the fridge,_________?
A. isn’t there B. are they C. is there
45. Open the window,________?
A. will you B. shall we C. don’t you
46. ---Does your brother like the red tie or the black tie?
---____________.
A. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn’t C. The red tie
47. ---It’s a secret between us. Don’t tell anybody else.
---_________.
A. I do B. I don’t C. I won’t
48. _______ good idea it is!
A. What an B. How C. What a
49. ________ quickly he rides his bicycle!
A. What B. How C. What a
50. ---The skirt looks _______.
---Thank you!
A.nice B. well C. old
參考答案：
1—5 A C A C B 6---10 A B C B C 11—15 C C A A B 16—20 A C A C A
21—25 C A B C B 26—30 B C A C B 31—35 C C C C C 36—40 B B C A C
41—45 A C A C A 46—50 C C C B A
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