什麼是區塊鏈？如果你不知道，你應該; 如果這樣做，您仍然可能需要澄清其實際工作方式。唐·塔普斯科特（Don Tapscott）在這裡提供幫助，使這種改變世界的，建立信任的技術神秘化，他說，該技術代表了第二代網際網路，具有改變貨幣，商業，政府和社會的潛力。
作為創新和技術影響的領先分析家，唐·塔普斯科特（Don Tapscott）撰寫或合著了15本關於社會和經濟重塑各個方面的廣泛閱讀的書籍。他的著作Wikinomics躋身過去十年最具影響力的商業書籍之列。
區塊鏈，將會改變整個世界？數字經濟之父Don Tapscott 認為區塊鏈將改變世界，建立信任的科技變得簡明易懂。他表示這就是第二代網際網路，將有可能改變我們的金錢、貿易、社會。
譯文
可能有在未來幾十年帶來巨大影響的科技，已經到來了。並不是社交媒體，也不是大數據，也不是機器人科學，甚至也不是人工智慧。你會驚訝地了解到，它是比特幣等數字貨幣的技術基礎，它叫做區塊鏈。它不是世界上最華麗的詞彙，但是我堅信重新進入網際網路，並且給每一次貿易，每一個社會，每個個人，帶來光明前景。
過去的幾十年裡，我們迎來了網際網路的資訊時代。當我向你發送郵件電子郵件，或一份PPT文件或者其他的時候，實際上我發送的並不是原始文件，我發送的是拷貝的副本。那可真棒。這是民主化的資訊時代。
但是如果牽涉到資產的話，比如說金錢，股票及債權等金融資產，股份，智慧財產權，音樂，藝術，一張選票，碳信用額等其他資產，發送一份副本真是個糟糕主意。如果我給了你100美元，我不再擁有這筆錢是很重要的。並且我不能再次發送。這已經被密碼專家稱為「二次消費」問題很久了。
如今，我們完全依賴於大型中介機構，中間商規模銀行，政府，大型社交媒體公司，信用卡公司等等，來建立經濟中的信用體系。這些中介機構承辦了各式各樣的商業貿易的一切流程。從對人們的身份驗證，到記錄的清除，設置和保存。總的來說，他們做得不錯。但是有一個問題日益凸顯。
首先，他們過度集中，這意味著它們會遭到黑客攻擊，像摩根大通銀行，美聯儲，領英，家得寶等慘痛的教訓證明了這一點。它們使數十億人民與全球經濟隔絕，比方說，一些電子郵件沒有任何足夠的資金無法開戶。
它們降低了效率。某些電子郵件轉瞬即可環遊世界，但是會花上几几周的時間通過銀行移動城市內部的金錢，它們從中到大筆利益：跨國轉帳需要10％到20％的手續費。他們掌握了我們的交易數據，這意味著我們無法將其貨幣化或更好地管理我們的生活。我們的正在利用暗中被侵蝕。而最大的問題在於，他們使數字時代帶給人們的福利變得不再平衡。
我們創造著財富，但是我們的社會也日趨不平等。如果我們有的不僅僅是信息的互聯，如果還有價值的互聯：大量的，全球性的分散式的帳本，可以在數千萬臺電腦上運轉，人每個都有權訪問無論什麼的英文樣的資產，從金錢到音樂，都可以進行儲存，移動，交易，交換和管理，全部不經過強大的中間商。
如果我們有價值的當地媒介？在2008年，金融業崩潰，也許幸運的是，一位或幾位名叫中本聰的匿名人士創造了一個針對數字貨幣的協議，使用了一種加密貨幣，稱為比特幣。這一加密貨幣使得人們可以建立信任並進行交易，不需要第三方。
這看似尋常的動作擦出的火花，點燃了整個世界，各地的人們或是激動，或是恐慌，或是好奇。現在不必為比特比特幣被猜測。比特幣是一種資產，它有漲有跌。投機商應該對此頗有興趣。總的來說，它是一種加密貨幣。它不是由國家控制的法定貨幣。如此很有趣了。
不過其中最根本的要素是叫做區位鏈的技術的英文這歷史人類首次上各地的人們可以彼此信任，並進行點對點的交易。信任的建立並不是基於一些大型機構，而是基於合作，密碼技術基於一些精巧的代碼。因為信任正是起源於這一技術。我把它叫做「信任協議」。
資產數字資產從金錢到音樂，或是其他的產品，而不是儲存在中央區域，而是分散於全球的帳本之中，使用，你也許會想：它的工作原理是什麼？問得好。最高等級的密碼技術。當一次交易處理完成後，它會通過數億臺計算機發布全球公告。
而在全世界，有一群叫做「礦工」的人們。他們並不一定是年輕人，他們是比特幣這些礦工要做很多工作。每隔十分鐘，有點類似網絡的一次心跳，一個區塊便誕生了，它包含了一個礦工。他們手頭有著巨大的計算能力-比谷歌全球法規大幾十倍。過去10分鐘的所有交易信息。然後礦工們開始工作，嘗試解決一些難題。
他們彼此競爭，第一個尋找真相區塊鏈有效的礦工將會有數字貨幣的獎勵，這就是關於比特幣的區塊鏈。然後是關鍵的部分，該區塊鏈連接到前一個區塊鏈，以及更前面的區塊鏈形成一連串的區塊鏈。每個一個區塊都是時間標記，有點像是數字蠟印。
假如說我想要破解其中的一個區塊，比方說給你還有你一樣的金錢，我需要破解那個區塊鏈，和前面所有的區塊鏈，就是那區塊鏈上完整的交易歷史，並不只是破解一臺桌上型電腦，而是要同時破解數億臺桌上型電腦，它們都使用著最高等級的加密技術，世界上最強大的計算資源正在監視我。幾乎不可能的任務。比起我們現有的計算機系統，這絕對要安全得多。
區塊鏈，這就是它工作的原理。而比特幣的區塊鏈鏈只是其中之一。還有許多種類。以太坊區塊鏈鏈由加拿大人維塔利·布塔林開發。他只有19歲。（實際年齡應為22歲）這一區塊鏈有一些無與倫比的特點。其中之一是你可以制定智能合約。它正如其名。
它是自我執行的合約，合約負責處理強制措施，經營管理，工作情況和支付方式，某種意義上來說，該合約也有一個銀行帳戶，是關於人們之間的協議。現在，通過以太坊的區塊鏈，有各種工程進行著各種任務，從創造新的股票市場的替代品，到創立一個政客對公民真正負責的民主制度的新模型。
所以為了理解即將到來的突破性的改變，讓我們看一個行業：金融服務業。你們能否認出這是什麼？小題大做的機器。這臺機器離奇地複雜，工作卻很簡單，像是敲碎雞蛋或是關上門等。老實說，它使我想起了金融服務業。
我的意思是，你在街角的商店刷了卡，一股比特流便穿過了好幾家公司，每一家都有自己的計算機系統，其中還有一些20世紀70年代的主機，甚至比在座的各位還要老，然後三天過後，一份交易說明誕生了。好吧，金融業有了區塊鏈，將不再會有交易說明，因為交易和交易說明是同一種行為，它只是在帳本中有所不同。
所以在華爾街或世界上所有地方，金融業正在巨變，思考著自己是否會被取代，或者如何正視視技術迎接成功？現在。為什麼要在意呢？讓我來稱為幾個應用吧。繁榮。網際網路的第一個時代，信息的互聯，帶給我們財富，但是沒有共享繁榮，因為社會變得日趨不平等。而這是所有的憤怒和極端主義的焦點，還導致了貿易保護主義，仇外心理等現在我們見到的現象。
我們能否針對這不平等的問題想出一些新的解決方案？因為現在唯一的方法就是財富的再分配，徵稅來分配貧富差距。我們能否對財富進行預先分配？我們能否從源頭上改變財富的創造方式，通過民主化來進行財富創造，吸引更多的人參與經濟，並確保他們得到平等的報酬？我將有五點可行可行的方案。
第一點：你們知道世界上70％的土地所有者只是擁有一個脆弱的名頭？你在宏都拉斯有個小農場，當獨裁者上臺，他說：「我知道你有一張紙證明你擁有你的農場，但是政府的計算機顯示我的朋友擁有你的農場。「這種事在宏都拉斯屢見不鮮，而這一問題也非常普遍。
偉大的經濟學經濟學家埃爾南多·德·索託，把它列為經濟流動性方面世界頭號問題，比起擁有一個銀行帳戶更重要。因為如果若你對你的土地沒有有效的所有權，你就無法用它來借貸，你就無法計劃於未來。所以現在，公司正在與政府合作將土地所有權納入區塊鏈鏈中。一旦放置完成，則不再改變。你不能破解它。這樣就為數億人的繁榮創造了可能的條件。
第二點：很多寫手談論起尤伯杯的Airbnb，TaskRabbit，Lyft等企業時。他們把當做了共享-經濟的一部分這個想法很不錯，個人可以匯聚在一起創造並共享財富我的觀點的英文這些公司並沒有真正的共享。實際上，他們的成功恰恰是因為他們他們不共享。他們把服務匯集並放置出售。假如說Airbnb並不是那家250億美元的公司在區塊鏈上有一個分布式的應用，我們叫它B-Airbnb，它從根本上屬於所有提供房間出租的有人。當有人想租借一間房間，他們進入區塊鏈的資料庫和標準庫，他們細細篩選，幫助他們找到合適的房間，，最初區塊鏈的幫助合約幣。鑑定尺度，通過數字支付解決支付問題，這是系統內置的支付方式。它甚至處理聲譽問題，如果她給一間房間五星好評，那麼房間本身和評價都已不可更改。所以矽谷共享制經濟的破壞者將不復存在。這將有利於經濟繁榮。
第三點：從達到到規模規模最大的資金流動並不是公司投資，甚至也不是外國援助，而是匯款。這是散居在全球的人們，離開了祖輩的土地，他們把錢匯回家中。一年會產生6000億美元的匯款，而且還在不斷增加。而且他們正在被剝削。安娜麗·多明戈是位女管家。她在多倫多生活，每個月都會帶著現金來到西聯匯款公司把錢匯給在馬尼拉的媽媽。手續費佔了將近10％，轉帳手續需要花費4到7天的時間，她媽媽從來不知道到帳的時間。每個禮拜她都要花五個小時來檢查是否到帳。
六個月前，安娜麗·多明戈使用了一個名字叫阿布拉的區塊鏈應用。她從自己的手機上轉出了300美元。直接轉入了她母親的手機上並沒有經過中間商。她的母親剛剛查看她的手機有點像Uber的應用界面，阿布拉中有「出納員」在循環滾動。她點擊一個五星的出納員，只相隔7分鐘的路程。那位夥計很快出現在門口，給了她菲律賓比索，隨後把錢放進錢包。整個過程只需要幾分鐘時間，並且僅花費2％。這是經濟繁榮的巨大潛力。
第四點：數字時代最強大的資產就是數據。數據是一種新的資產種類，也許比以前的資產種類更龐大，就像農業經濟下的土地，或者工廠，甚至是金錢。是我們所有人，創造了這些數據。我們創造了這種資產，在我們的數字生活中，留下了零碎的痕跡。這些痕跡匯聚成了你的副本，一個虛擬的你。虛擬的你也許比你還要了解你，因為你並不一定記得一年前買了什麼，或者說了什麼，或者你一年前的準確位置。而虛擬的你並不屬於你，那可是個大問題。所以現在有很多公司正致力於開發一個黑盒中的身份系統，屬於你自己的虛擬的你。
這個黑盒會轉移你移動，前往世界的每個一個角落。它對你的很有守口如瓶。它只會根據需要揭示一丁點的信息。有很多的交易，賣家甚至不需要知道你是誰。他們只要知道能拿到錢。這於是化身清除了所有數據使你能夠進行貨幣化。這可真棒，因為它也能保護我們的隱私，而隱私是自由社會的基礎。讓我們重新奪回我們創造的這一資產的控制權。我們擁有我們自己的身份和進行負責的管理。
最後，第五點：有許多內容的創造者並沒有得到公平的報酬。因為智慧財產權系統遭到了損害。在網際網路的第一個時代就遭到損害。音樂就拿來說音樂家們只在食物鏈的末端獲得一些殘渣碎屑。在25年前，如果你是一個作曲家，寫出一首流行的歌曲，賣出一百萬首單曲，你可以獲得大約45000美元的報酬。而現在，作曲家的你寫出一首流行的歌曲，被百萬次播放，你並不能得到45000美元，你只能得到36美元，只能買一個不錯的披薩了。所以伊莫金·希普，一位榮獲葛萊美獎的創作歌手，現在把音樂發表在一個區塊鏈的生態系統上。她稱其為」菌絲「。其中的音樂有著智能協議。音樂保護著她的智慧財產權。
你想要聽歌嗎？它是免費的，或者會有幾分錢流入數字帳戶。如果想要在電影中使用這首歌，那就是另一回事了。智慧財產權也是詳細說明。你想要作為手機鈴聲？那也是另一碼事。她描述道，歌曲成為商業。在這個平臺上歌曲實現了商業化，保護了作者的權利。並且因為歌曲採用了一種此種銀行帳戶的支付系統，所有的錢都會到藝術家的手中，他們掌控了行業，而不是由那些強大的中間商所控制。現在幾乎所有歌曲作者，任何形式的創作活動，某些美術，某些發明，科學發現，新聞記者。各行各業的沒有公平報酬的人，而有了區塊鏈，他們將在區塊鏈上得到滋潤。那樣可真棒。
這只是十幾種可能性中的5種，來解決一個問題：繁榮。區塊鏈鏈可以替換無數問題，它只是其中一個。當然，科技不創造繁榮，甚至由人創造。但是我只是再次表示，科技的精靈已從瓶中逃出，受到一位或幾位不知名的人士召喚在人類歷史上這個不確定的階段，它給了我們一次嘗試，另一個改寫經濟權利網絡和舊秩序的機會並且只要我們願意，可以解決一些世界上最麻煩的問題。
英文原文：
（向上滑動啟閱，來自TED.com）
How the blockchain is changing money and business
Don Tapscott
00:12
The technology likely to have the greatest impact on the next few decades has arrived. And it's not social media. It's not big data. It's not robotics. It's not even AI. You'll be surprised to learn that it's the underlying technology of digital currencies like Bitcoin. It's called the blockchain. Blockchain.
00:38
Now, it's not the most sonorous word in the world, but I believe that this is now the next generation of the internet, and that it holds vast promise for every business, every society and for all of you, individually.
00:54
You know, for the past few decades, we've had the internet of information. And when I send you an email or a PowerPoint file or something, I'm actually not sending you the original, I'm sending you a copy. And that's great. This is democratized information. But when it comes to assets -- things like money, financial assets like stocks and bonds, loyalty points, intellectual property, music, art, a vote, carbon credit and other assets -- sending you a copy is a really bad idea. If I send you 100 dollars, it's really important that I don't still have the money --
01:37
(Laughter)
01:38
and that I can't send it to you. This has been called the "double-spend" problem by cryptographers for a long time.
01:45
So today, we rely entirely on big intermediaries -- middlemen like banks, government, big social media companies, credit card companies and so on -- to establish trust in our economy. And these intermediaries perform all the business and transaction logic of every kind of commerce, from authentication, identification of people, through to clearing, settling and record keeping. And overall, they do a pretty good job. But there are growing problems.
02:17
To begin, they're centralized. That means they can be hacked, and increasingly are -- JP Morgan, the US Federal Government, LinkedIn, Home Depot and others found that out the hard way. They exclude billions of people from the global economy, for example, people who don't have enough money to have a bank account. They slow things down. It can take a second for an email to go around the world, but it can take days or weeks for money to move through the banking system across a city. And they take a big piece of the action -- 10 to 20 percent just to send money to another country. They capture our data, and that means we can't monetize it or use it to better manage our lives. Our privacy is being undermined. And the biggest problem is that overall, they've appropriated the largesse of the digital age asymmetrically: we have wealth creation, but we have growing social inequality.
03:17
So what if there were not only an internet of information, what if there were an internet of value -- some kind of vast, global, distributed ledger running on millions of computers and available to everybody. And where every kind of asset, from money to music, could be stored, moved, transacted, exchanged and managed, all without powerful intermediaries? What if there were a native medium for value?
03:50
Well, in 2008, the financial industry crashed and, perhaps propitiously, an anonymous person or persons named Satoshi Nakamoto created a paper where he developed a protocol for a digital cash that used an underlying cryptocurrency called Bitcoin. And this cryptocurrency enabled people to establish trust and do transactions without a third party. And this seemingly simple act set off a spark that ignited the world, that has everyone excited or terrified or otherwise interested in many places. Now, don't be confused about Bitcoin -- Bitcoin is an asset; it goes up and down, and that should be of interest to you if you're a speculator. More broadly, it's a cryptocurrency. It's not a fiat currency controlled by a nation-state. And that's of greater interest. But the real pony here is the underlying technology. It's called blockchain.
04:57
So for the first time now in human history, people everywhere can trust each other and transact peer to peer. And trust is established, not by some big institution, but by collaboration, by cryptography and by some clever code. And because trust is native to the technology, I call this, "The Trust Protocol."
05:22
Now, you're probably wondering: How does this thing work? Fair enough. Assets -- digital assets like money to music and everything in between -- are not stored in a central place, but they're distributed across a global ledger, using the highest level of cryptography. And when a transaction is conducted, it's posted globally, across millions and millions of computers. And out there, around the world, is a group of people called "miners." These are not young people, they're Bitcoin miners. They have massive computing power at their fingertips -- 10 to 100 times bigger than all of Google worldwide. These miners do a lot of work. And every 10 minutes, kind of like the heartbeat of a network, a block gets created that has all the transactions from the previous 10 minutes. Then the miners get to work, trying to solve some tough problems.
06:22
And they compete: the first miner to find out the truth and to validate the block, is rewarded in digital currency, in the case of the Bitcoin blockchain, with Bitcoin. And then -- this is the key part -- that block is linked to the previous block and the previous block to create a chain of blocks. And every one is time-stamped, kind of like with a digital waxed seal. So if I wanted to go and hack a block and, say, pay you and you with the same money, I'd have to hack that block, plus all the preceding blocks, the entire history of commerce on that blockchain, not just on one computer but across millions of computers, simultaneously, all using the highest levels of encryption, in the light of the most powerful computing resource in the world that's watching me. Tough to do. This is infinitely more secure than the computer systems that we have today. Blockchain. That's how it works.
07:23
So the Bitcoin blockchain is just one. There are many. The Ethereum blockchain was developed by a Canadian named Vitalik Buterin. He's [22] years old, and this blockchain has some extraordinary capabilities. One of them is that you can build smart contracts. It's kind of what it sounds like. It's a contract that self-executes, and the contract handles the enforcement, the management, performance and payment -- the contract kind of has a bank account, too, in a sense -- of agreements between people. And today, on the Ethereum blockchain, there are projects underway to do everything from create a new replacement for the stock market to create a new model of democracy, where politicians are accountable to citizens.
08:10
(Applause)
08:14
So to understand what a radical change this is going to bring, let's look at one industry, financial services. Recognize this? Rube Goldberg machine. It's a ridiculously complicated machine that does something really simple, like crack an egg or shut a door. Well, it kind of reminds me of the financial services industry, honestly. I mean, you tap your card in the corner store, and a bitstream goes through a dozen companies, each with their own computer system, some of them being 1970s mainframes older than many of the people in this room, and three days later, a settlement occurs. Well, with a blockchain financial industry, there would be no settlement, because the payment and the settlement is the same activity, it's just a change in the ledger. So Wall Street and all around the world, the financial industry is in a big upheaval about this, wondering, can we be replaced, or how do we embrace this technology for success?
09:15
Now, why should you care? Well, let me describe some applications. Prosperity. The first era of the internet, the internet of information, brought us wealth but not shared prosperity, because social inequality is growing. And this is at the heart of all of the anger and extremism and protectionism and xenophobia and worse that we're seeing growing in the world today, Brexit being the most recent case.
09:46
So could we develop some new approaches to this problem of inequality? Because the only approach today is to redistribute wealth, tax people and spread it around more. Could we pre-distribute wealth? Could we change the way that wealth gets created in the first place by democratizing wealth creation, engaging more people in the economy, and then ensuring that they got fair compensation? Let me describe five ways that this can be done.
10:16
Number one: Did you know that 70 percent of the people in the world who have land have a tenuous title to it? So, you've got a little farm in Honduras, some dictator comes to power, he says, "I know you've got a piece of paper that says you own your farm, but the government computer says my friend owns your farm." This happened on a mass scale in Honduras, and this problem exists everywhere. Hernando de Soto, the great Latin American economist, says this is the number one issue in the world in terms of economic mobility, more important than having a bank account, because if you don't have a valid title to your land, you can't borrow against it, and you can't plan for the future.
10:57
So today, companies are working with governments to put land titles on a blockchain. And once it's there, this is immutable. You can't hack it. This creates the conditions for prosperity for potentially billions of people.
11:14
Secondly: a lot of writers talk about Uber and Airbnb and TaskRabbit and Lyft and so on as part of the sharing economy. This is a very powerful idea, that peers can come together and create and share wealth. My view is that ... these companies are not really sharing. In fact, they're successful precisely because they don't share. They aggregate services together, and they sell them. What if, rather than Airbnb being a $25 billion corporation, there was a distributed application on a blockchain, we'll call it B-Airbnb, and it was essentially owned by all of the people who have a room to rent. And when someone wants to rent a room, they go onto the blockchain database and all the criteria, they sift through, it helps them find the right room, and then the blockchain helps with the contracting, it identifies the party, it handles the payments just through digital payments -- they're built into the system. And it even handles reputation, because if she rates a room as a five-star room, that room is there, and it's rated, and it's immutable. So, the big sharing-economy disruptors in Silicon Valley could be disrupted, and this would be good for prosperity.
12:38
Number three: the biggest flow of funds from the developed world to the developing world is not corporate investment, and it's not even foreign aid. It's remittances. This is the global diaspora; people have left their ancestral lands, and they're sending money back to their families at home. This is 600 billion dollars a year, and it's growing, and these people are getting ripped off.
13:06
Analie Domingo is a housekeeper. She lives in Toronto, and every month she goes to the Western Union office with some cash to send her remittances to her mom in Manila. It costs her around 10 percent; the money takes four to seven days to get there; her mom never knows when it's going to arrive. It takes five hours out of her week to do this.
13:31
Six months ago, Analie Domingo used a blockchain application called Abra. And from her mobile device, she sent 300 bucks. It went directly to her mom's mobile device without going through an intermediary. And then her mom looked at her mobile device -- it's kind of like an Uber interface, there's Abra "tellers" moving around. She clicks on a teller that's a five-star teller, who's seven minutes away. The guy shows up at the door, gives her Filipino pesos, she puts them in her wallet. The whole thing took minutes, and it cost her two percent. This is a big opportunity for prosperity.
14:09
Number four: the most powerful asset of the digital age is data. And data is really a new asset class, maybe bigger than previous asset classes, like land under the agrarian economy, or an industrial plant, or even money. And all of you -- we -- create this data. We create this asset, and we leave this trail of digital crumbs behind us as we go throughout life. And these crumbs are collected into a mirror image of you, the virtual you. And the virtual you may know more about you than you do, because you can't remember what you bought a year ago, or said a year ago, or your exact location a year ago. And the virtual you is not owned by you -- that's the big problem.
14:53
So today, there are companies working to create an identity in a black box, the virtual you owned by you. And this black box moves around with you as you travel throughout the world, and it's very, very stingy. It only gives away the shred of information that's required to do something. A lot of transactions, the seller doesn't even need to know who you are. They just need to know that they got paid.
15:20
And then this avatar is sweeping up all of this data and enabling you to monetize it. And this is a wonderful thing, because it can also help us protect our privacy, and privacy is the foundation of a free society. Let's get this asset that we create back under our control, where we can own our own identity and manage it responsibly.
15:45
Finally --
15:47
(Applause)
15:52
Finally, number five: there are a whole number of creators of content who don't receive fair compensation, because the system for intellectual property is broken. It was broken by the first era of the internet. Take music. Musicians are left with crumbs at the end of the whole food chain. You know, if you were a songwriter, 25 years ago, you wrote a hit song, it got a million singles, you could get royalties of around 45,000 dollars. Today, you're a songwriter, you write a hit song, it gets a million streams, you don't get 45k, you get 36 dollars, enough to buy a nice pizza.
16:32
So Imogen Heap, the Grammy-winning singer-songwriter, is now putting music on a blockchain ecosystem. She calls it "Mycelia." And the music has a smart contract surrounding it. And the music protects her intellectual property rights. You want to listen to the song? It's free, or maybe a few micro-cents that flow into a digital account. You want to put the song in your movie, that's different, and the IP rights are all specified. You want to make a ringtone? That's different. She describes that the song becomes a business. It's out there on this platform marketing itself, protecting the rights of the author, and because the song has a payment system in the sense of bank account, all the money flows back to the artist, and they control the industry, rather than these powerful intermediaries. Now, this is --
17:22
(Applause)
17:27
This is not just songwriters, it's any creator of content, like art, like inventions, scientific discoveries, journalists. There are all kinds of people who don't get fair compensation, and with blockchains, they're going to be able to make it rain on the blockchain. And that's a wonderful thing.
17:48
So, these are five opportunities out of a dozen to solve one problem, prosperity, which is one of countless problems that blockchains are applicable to.
18:03
Now, technology doesn't create prosperity, of course -- people do. But my case to you is that, once again, the technology genie has escaped from the bottle, and it was summoned by an unknown person or persons at this uncertain time in human history, and it's giving us another kick at the can, another opportunity to rewrite the economic power grid and the old order of things, and solve some of the world's most difficult problems, if we will it.
18:39
Thank you.
18:41
(Applause)
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