轉載翻譯，原文來自：
https://www.raviyp.com/embedded/217-difference-between-x7r-x5r-x8r-z5u-y5v-x7s-c0g-capacitor-dielectrics
Difference between X7R, X5R, X8R, Z5U,Y5V,X7S, C0G Capacitor dielectrics
X7R,X5R,X8R,Z5U,Y5V,X7S,C0G電容電介質間的區別
Ravi Pujar, 12 February 2018
In this article i am explaining thedifferences between different Ceramic capactior dielectric materials like X7R,X5R, X8R, Z5U,Y5V, X7S, C0G. I used to encounter these names X7R and X5R capacitorsregularly but never bothered to look at what they are. Recently i took sometime to study them realised how important they are and here are the details ofwhat i learnt.
在這篇文章中，我解釋了不同陶瓷電容介電材料的差異，像X7R，X5R，X8R，Z5U，Y5V，X7S，C0G。過去我也經常見到X7R和X5R電容器，但從未費心去了解它們是什麼。最近花了一些時間來研究他們，意識到他們是多麼重要，以下是我了解到的一些細節。
Ceramic capacitors are broadly categorizedinto 4 classes based on the dielectrics used in them,
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 3 and Class 4 capacitors are notwidely used and hence have not been standardized.
Class 1 Capacitors :
Class 1 capacitors have followingcharacteristics,
Linear temperature coefficient : Their capacitance varies linearly with temperature
No Voltage dependency : Their capacitancedoes not depend on the applied voltage
No Aging : They do not suffer significantaging process due to paraelectric materials used in manufacturing
No electrical losses : Have significantlylow electrical losses compared to Class 2 capacitors
Used in High Q filters : Due to the aboveproperties they are used in applications like resonant circuits, PLL andOscillators.
Have high stability and accuracy
第一類電容：
第一類電容有如下特徵，
線性溫度係數：他們的電容隨溫度線性變化
無電壓依賴性：電容值並不取決於外加電壓
沒有老化：由於製作過程中使用了順電位材料，他們沒有明顯的老化過程
沒有電損失：與第二類電容相比，電損失非常低
用於高Q值濾波器：由於上述屬性，它們常用於如諧振電路、鎖相環和振蕩器等電路
有較高的穩定性和精度
They use a 3 digit notation to indicate thedielectric used in them according to EIA-RS-198 standard
C0G
| | |
| | |-- Tolerance
| |---- Multiplier
|- Coeffcient
根據EIA-RS-198標準，他們使用一個3位數的符號來表示他們使用的介質
C0G
| | |
| | |-- 容差
| |---- 乘數
|-係數
Look at the below table, (Source :Wikipedia)
Class 2 capacitors are specificationsmentioned above are for operation within fixed temperature range of +25 degreescentigrade to +85 degrees centigrade.
上面提到規格的第二類電容器，操作溫度範圍固定從+ 25攝氏度到+ 85攝氏度。
Class 2 Capacitors :
Class 2 capacitors have followingcharacteristics
Non-Linear temperature coefficient :Theircapacitance varies non linearly with temperature
High Voltage dependency:Their capacitancehighly depends on the applied voltage
Suffer Aging:They suffer significantaging process due to ferro electric materials used in manufacturing
High electrical losses:Have significantlyhigh electrical losses compared to Class 1 capacitors
High Permittvity:Due to high Permittivitythey have high volumetric efficiency
High Capacitance values:Due to highPermittivity large capacitance values can be achieved in small device casingslike 0201, 0402, 0603
Used in smoothing applications:Due to theabove properties they are used in applications like bypassing, coupling,decoupling.
Have low stability and accuracy
第二類電容：
第二類電容有如下特徵，
非線性溫度係數：他們的電容值不隨溫度線性變化
高電壓依賴性：他們的電容值高度取決於外加電壓
老化：由於製造過程中使用鐵電材料，有明顯的老化過程
高電損失：相比第1類電容器有相當高的電損失
高介電常數：由於高介電常數，他們有較高的容積效率
高電容值：由於高介電常數，大的電容值可以在如0201,0402,0603等小封裝中實現
用於平滑應用：由於上述屬性，用於旁路、耦合、去耦等應用中
較低的穩定性和精度
They use a 3 digit notation to indicate thedielectric used in them according to EIA RS-198 standard
X7R
| | |
| | |-- Tolerance
| |---- Upper limit
|- Lower limit
根據EIA-RS - 198標準，他們使用一個3位數的符號來表示他們使用的介質
X7R
| | |
| | |-- 容差
| |---- 上限
|- 下限
Refer the table below, (Source : Wikipedia)
So according to the above table,
When manufacturer says that this is a X7Rcapacitor, it means that the capacitor can operate from -55 degrees centigradeto +125 degrees centigrade temperature and the capacitance of the capacitorwill not vary more or less than 15% from its nominal value specified.
根據上面的表格,
當製造商說,這是一個X7R電容器，它意味著電容器可以工作在-55攝氏度到+ 125攝氏度溫度範圍內，且電容值變化不會超過標稱值的±15%。
Similarly, When manufacturer says that thisis a Y5V capacitor, it means that the capacitor can operate from -30 degreescentigrade to +85 degrees centigrade temperature and the capacitance of thecapacitor will not increase more than 22% and not decrease below 82% from itsnominal value.
同樣的,當製造商說,這是一個Y5V電容，它意味著電容器可以工作在-30攝氏度到+ 85攝氏度溫度範圍內，且電容值不會增加超過22%，也不會值降標稱值的82%以下。Most commonly used capacitor dielectricsare X7R,X8R,X5R,Y5V,Z5U,X7S.
最常用的電容電介質有：X7R,X8R,X5R,Y5V,Z5U，X7S。Although Class 1 capacitors have moreadvantages than Class 2 capacitors, I encounter more X7R and X5R capacitors onday to day basis than C0G capacitors.
雖然1類電容比2類電容有更多的優勢，但在日常使用中遇到X7R和X5R材質的電容比C0G電容更多。1.
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_9d9054cb0102xvm6.html
2.
http://www.eda365.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=108389
3.
http://www.dgxinmu.com/xinwen/shownews.php?lang=cn&id=105
4.
https://blog.csdn.net/jbb0523/article/details/7260130
5.
http://www.hzlitai.com.cn/article/ARM9-article/cphard/1777.html
。。
。。。。。。
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