前沿資訊/
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【前沿資訊005】本期內容來自《SSRN工作文件》和《哈佛商業評論》共計三篇前沿資訊文章，分別與神奇寶貝GO、加密貨幣、數據科學民主化有關。
01/
Death by Pokémon GO:
The Economic and Human Cost of Using Apps While Driving
神奇寶貝GO的衰亡：
駕駛時使用應用程式的經濟和人力成本
SSRN Working Paper, June 2018Mara Faccio, and John J. McConnell
Using police accident reports for Tippecanoe County, Indiana, and exploiting the introduction of the augmented reality game Pokémon GO as a natural experiment, the authors document a disproportionate increase in crashes and associated vehicular damage, injuries, and fatalities in the vicinity of locations where users can play the game while driving. The authors estimate the incremental county-wide cost of users playing Pokémon GO while driving to be in the range of $5.2 to $25.5 million over the 148 days following the introduction of the game. Extrapolating these estimates to nation-wide levels yields a total ranging from $2.0 to $7.3 billion.
利用印第安納州Tippecanoe縣的警方事故報告並利用增強現實（AR）遊戲PokémonGO的引入作為一項自然實驗，作者記錄了用戶可以在開車時玩遊戲後所在地點附近碰撞和相關車輛損壞，傷害和死亡人數的不成比例增加。作者估計，在遊戲推出後的148天內，玩家玩神奇寶貝GO的用戶在全縣範圍內的成本增加在520美元到2550萬美元之間。將這些估計值推算到全國範圍，總消耗在20億美元到73億美元之間。
02/
How Regulation Could Help Cryptocurrencies Grow
監管是怎樣幫助加密貨幣的增長
Harvard Business Review, July 17, 2018Stephen J. Obie and Mark W. Rasmussen
Ignorance is risk. For that reason, U.S. markets embrace reasonable regulation to ensure transparency and fairness. Stocks are regulated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), commodities by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and government currency by the Department of the Treasury and the Federal Reserve. But an emergent fourth asset class, cryptocurrencies, has no single regulator, and that is leading to uncertainty and confusion. The SEC and its new 」crypto czar」 could take a few thoughtful steps to promote clarity and innovation in the cryptocurrency market.
無知是一種風險。 因此，美國市場採取合理的監管措施，以確保透明度和公平性。 股票受美國證券交易委員會（SEC）監管，商品期貨受交易委員會監管，政府貨幣受美國財政部和美聯儲監管。 但緊急的第四類資產類別，加密貨幣，沒有單一的監管機構，這導致了不確定性和混亂。美國證券交易委員會及其新的「加密沙皇」可能需要採取一些有意義的措施來促進其透明度和加密貨幣市場的創新。
03/The Democratization of Data Science
數據科學的民主化
Harvard Business Review, July 27, 2018Jonathan Cornelissen
Despite the explosion of interest in big data, many organizations continue to relegate data-science knowledge to a small number of employees. That’s a mistake — and in the long run, it’s unsustainable. Very few companies expect only professional writers to know how to write. So why ask only professional data scientists to understand and analyze data, at least at a basic level? The best way to enable fast discovery and deeper insights is to disperse data science expertise across an organization. Smart companies today ensure that many of their employees can speak the language of data and use it to improve work outcomes. By empowering employees with these fundamental skills, companies are realizing tremendous levels of innovation and efficiency. Companies that want to compete in the age of data need to do three things: share data tools, spread data skills, and spread data responsibility.
儘管人們對大數據的興趣激增，但許多組織仍在繼續將數據科學知識只傳讓給少數員工。從長遠來看，這是一個錯誤且是不可持續的。 很少有公司希望只有專業作家才能知道如何寫作，那麼為什麼只要求專業數據科學家理解和分析數據，就算只是在基本水平？ 實現快速發現和深入洞察的最佳方法是在整個組織中分散數據科學專業知識。 如今，聰明的公司確保他們的許多員工能夠說出數據語言並使用它們來改善工作成果。 通過賦予員工這些基本技能，公司正在實現巨大的創新和效率。 想要在數據時代競爭的公司就需要做好三件事：共享數據工具，傳播數據技能和傳播數據責任。
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