同義替換是閱讀必考內容，考查學生是否能準確理解行文含義，準確匹配選項信息與原文考點信息。然而很多同學即使定位正確，仍然會因同義替換而丟分。本文旨在為大家呈現幾種常見同義替換考查方式，也是很多同學解題容易出錯的地方，以幫助同學們更好地解題。
一．詞彙語境含義無法識別
這一類替換主要是指詞彙之間本身含義並不相同或接近，但放到語境中，可進行同義替換。比如：
1.It didn’t involve a high degree of apparatuses.
原文：Field leveling was the most basic practice used to optimize the land for farming.
解析: didn’t high degree=the most basic practice
2.Why do some organisms have a resting stage during their life cycle?
原文：It may be advantageous for an organism to have a resistant stage built into the life cycle.
解析：resting stage=resistant stage
3.Animal responses in most situations are predictable.
原文：What is striking about animal behaviors is that they are fixed and seemingly unchangeable.
解析：predictable=regular
二．範圍大小易忽視
這類信息一般屬於同類別信息，但所指範圍大小有區分，因此從事實信息題角度來說不能同義替換。
1. 原文：Electrical stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors in many animals.
A.Artificial stimulation of the hypothalamus results in aggression in animals.
B.Animals behaving aggressively show increased activity in the hypothalamus.
解析：electrical stimulation指電的刺激，而artificial stimulation指人工刺激，這兩個概念屬於同類別事物，但人工刺激所指範圍更廣泛一下，不能直接與電刺激同義替換。固B正確。
2.Gliding is used for some animal species as a mean of fleeing from the predators since it enables them to move between trees without the need to descend to the ground and it also is an energy-efficient way to travel long distances between scattered food resources.
誤：Because gliding makes them possible to adapt to various forests conditions.
正：Because gliding gives them an advantage of moving through the forest without being exposed to predators in the ground.
解析：fleeing from the predators指躲避獵物，adapt to various forest conditions概念顯然更為廣泛，所以不能直接同義替換。固選B。
三．過度延伸概念(無中生有）
過度延伸概念屬於無中生有，錯誤選項是對所提及的事物進行過多的理解。
1.Like the pastoralists, Middle Eastern merchants and artisans unhappy with their environment could simply pack up and leave for greener pastures.
錯誤選項：If they were unhappy in the mercantile environment, they could draw on personal connections to find a different kind of work.
解析：原文並沒有提到find a different kind of job屬於過度延伸概念。
2.The most significant characteristic of newly formed hamlets were that they were much bigger in terms of size compared to that of the hamlets built before 1300.
錯誤選項：Population boomed because there were more lands given out to people.
解析：原文在對比大小，並未提及分發土地問題。
四．事物接近但混淆(無中生有）
1.The field preparation enabled marshlands alongside the rivers to be used for husbandry.
錯誤選項： Field leveling was a technique that allowed farmers to exploit the natural layout of their terrain.
解析：兩句話都在講土地的使用，但原文中並沒有提及natural layout布局這個信息。Marshland與natural layout不是指同一事物，無法同義替換。
2.This led to the usage and development of ditches and dikes. Development in drawing the water from the distant locations led number of dams to increase and directed them to wherever they needed them. This was most evident in Yamato Basin where famers built permanent dams. The water detained in the pools was kept for times when they needed water for farming in droughty seasons. Such development led to keen proliferation of crop output as the heated water metabolized the germination of crops and caused crops to mature even faster.
What TWO benefits did the shallow holding pools in the Yamato Basin provide?
(A) A faster harvesting process for the annual yield
(B) An additional source of water
(C) The reduced need of relying on ditches and dikes
(D) A source of heat for the water
解析：B對應原文the water detained...；C項reduce屬於否定信息，與原文駁斥；D項對應原文heated water;
A項harvesting process表示收穫過程，原文mature even faster表示成熟更快，兩個信息都與crop有關，但是這兩個信息完全不是一個概念，不能同義替換。