聽力一直是中國考生的弱項,很多語言基礎很好的同學也經常卡在聽力這關。TPO小站聽力名師Sandy特此將託福聽力全題型進行例題講解。託福備考雖然是個艱辛的過程,但Sandy請大家放鬆心情,只要用科學的方法合理訓練,聽力一定能有所突破。
一般說來,要基本過聽力這關,起碼要達成以下幾點:
1.理解並掌握託福聽力6大題型的做題技巧;
2.全面掌握新託福聽力conversation不同場景,熟悉場景特點,常見出題套路,記住最基本的場景詞彙;
3.熟悉考試題型,通過對真題進行熱身而保持良好考前狀態。
聽力也和閱讀、寫作等其他題一樣,自有一套題型規律。針對不同題型的集中訓練可有助於逐一掌握各類題型。TPO小站很多聽力老師都有類似教學經驗:熟知題型後有針對性地訓練,不僅能提高整體聽力水平,也有助於掌握解題技巧。
而在訓練之前,透徹地分析各類題型將對之後的模擬練習帶來很多便利。那麼,就讓我們來看一下各種題型及他們的特徵與例題:
一、 主旨題
1.什麼是主旨目的題,如何如何識別主旨目的題?大家可以看下示例,其實還是很容易找到關鍵詞的。
What are the students mainly discussing?
What is the main topic of the talk?
What is the lecture mainly about?
What is the talk mainly about?
What is thr professor mainly discussing?
2.文章主旨展開方式
直接展開:
Today we are going to talk about
I』d like to begin my lecture by introducing…
Let’s focus on
Let’s now take look at…
問答式展開:
Do you remember what they are?
How can you understand it?
Why does human being consider it important?
二、 細節題
1.什麼是細節題?
細節題也屬於基本理解題,所以只要聽到了原文的考點就能答對題。細節題是聽力考題中佔比分最大的部分,抓住了細節題就得到了很大的分數,細節題的重要性可想而知了。
2.誤區:
很多學生在聽細節時有個誤區是覺得所有細節都可能考,所以在聽的時候關注所有的細節,以至於捨本逐末,只見樹木,不見森林。其實託福聽力只考一些重要細節,在聽的時候只要抓住這些細節就好了。
3.細節題的問法:
細節題的提問方式也是有規律可循的,例如:What happened to___? ,What reason is given for ___? According to the professor, ___? How does the speaker describe___? 等等。
有些細節題要考生選一幅圖畫或圖畫的某一部分, 如:Select the picture/diagram that shows___?;Identify the part of the drawing that represents___?;Which area of the picture illustrates ___?
還有些細節題會問某個具體的名詞或定義,如:According to the woman, what is ___?,How does the researcher define ___?等等。
實際上把握住這些出題規律和出題思路,聽原文的時候就很好定位了。
三、功能題
1.什麼是功能題,如何識別功能題?
功能題一般以重聽題的形式出現,考察的是學生對於聽力文章中重放的某句話的作用的理解和判斷。功能題常見的問法如下:
What does the professor imply when he says this: (reply)
What is the purpose of the woman’s response?
Why does the student say this?
What can be inferred from the professor’s response to the student?
2.託福聽力中常見功能題:
a.解釋Explanation,常見的信號詞有 Simply put/ Let’s put in this way/ Ithink I should/ you mean等;
b.總結Conclusion,常見信號詞有now to sum/ wrap up my speech,anyway等;
c.建議 Suggestion,常見信號詞有 you should have done something better,I suggest, I propose, I think, if I were you, why don’t you 等;
d.鼓勵 Inspiration,常見信號詞有come on, you are supposed to know this等;
e.強調Emphasis,常見信號詞有 please bear in mind that…/ Rhetoricalquestion反問句等;
6.更正錯誤 Correcting mistake,常見信號詞有 wait a minute/ I made a slip of tongue,oh, I’m sorry, oh, what do I mean等。
考生可以根據這些常見功能分析可能考點,利用聽力筆記記錄重點。功能題筆記的要點是注意教授講課過程中語氣、語調的變化,突然的升調、停頓、放慢語速等都有可能出功能題。所以要有針對性的利用上面的對功能題的理解做出正確判斷,提高正確率。
四、態度題
1.什麼是態度題?如何識別態度題?
態度題一般以重聽題的形式出現,考察的是學生對於聽力文章中重放的某句話的態度的理解和判斷。態度題常見的問法如下:
What is the professor’s attitude toward…?
What is the professor’s opinion of …?
What can be inferred about the student when she says this:
What does the woman mean when she says this:
2.態度題tips
A.語氣語調,重讀
B.態度上的肯定或者否定
C.喜歡還是厭倦
D.是否有興趣
E.滿意不滿意還是受挫
3.託福聽力中常見態度
1. awful: Woops! Uh-uh! Oh, no!, dear! Oh, shoot!
2. remind: I don’t think you will do/I was wondering if you will do something/ I don’t imagine if you do…/ you haven’t done something, have you?
3. pity: what a shame/ that’s too bad./I’m sorry to hear that/though luck
4. eulogy: fabulous, magnificent, glamorous, excellent, Terrific. Awesome, amazing, fantasitc, incredible, outstanding, superb, charming, good job
5. to the professor: fascinating, catching, instructive
6. surprise: Gee! Jesus! My dear! Boy! Jesus Christ! Man! Oh, my God! Gosh! Oh, my! What! Dear me!
7. tactful refuse : sounds great, but/sounds like fun, but/that’s tempting, but/ I wish I could, but/ I』d love to, but/I』d really like to, but/I would (if I could), but/ I mean to , but/ I have been meaning to (do something), but/ I should have, but…
五、結構題
1.什麼是結構題目?如何識別全文結構題?
結構題一般有兩種考查形式,第一種為全文結構題,要注意託福聽力常見文章結構類型;第二種為部分信息結構題,一般以表格形式出題。常見的問法如下:
How is the information in the lecture organized?
How does the preofessor clarify the points he makes about Mexcio?
2.新託福演講文章的典型結構
A.直線型結構,即以某一特定邏輯關係敘述的文章,信息之間的關係是層層遞進的,後面的信息在解釋前面的信息,是最常見的聽力文章結構;
B.並列結構,開篇展開文章主旨後,主旨下面有幾個並列的分論點,如特徵,例子,原因,理論,目的等;
C.比較結構,即文章主旨涉及兩個相關的同類事物,教授講課過程中不斷對其特徵進行比較說明,突出兩者的不同。
六、推理題
1.什麼是推理題?如何識別推理題?
推理題主要考察考生根據聽力材料的相關細節進行簡單推理的能力。在這個過程中,考生首先需要聽懂、記憶和理解材料中的重要信息,然後進行推理。常見的問法如下:
What can be inferred about…?
What does the preofessor imply about…?
What will the students do in the summer?
2.推理題的解題技巧
a.注意出現的觀點性語言:in my opinion, as far as I’m concerned, personally, pay attention, from my points of view
b.注意進度和結尾段的引申
c.注意首尾段的遙相輝映
d.正確選項通常是文章中沒有出現的單詞