高中英語語法——直接引語變間接引語詳解

直接引語變間接引語詳解

直接引述別人的原話，這叫做直接引語；用自己的話轉述別人的話，叫間接引語。

Mr. Black said, &39;m busy.&34;I like it very much.&34;You told me this story.&34;She&34;.

→He told me that she had left her book in my room.

直接引語改為間接引語人稱要相應的變化，把直接引語中的第一人稱(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)變為與主句的主語相一致的人稱。把直接引語中的第二人稱(you，your，yours)變為和主句的間接賓語(即聽話人，如無聽話人，可根據上下文的體會人為確定一個人稱)相一致的人稱。直接引語中的第三人稱(he，him，his，she，her，hers,it，its,they,their，theirs，them)變為間接引語時，人稱不變。簡稱&34;。

2） 時態的變化

a.主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時

He said, &34;

→He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.

He said, &39;m using the knife.&34;I have not heard from him since May.&34;I came to help you.&34;I had finished my homework before supper.&34;I&34;

→Zhou Lan said that she would do it after class.

He said,&34;

→He said that he should be doing his homework then.

He said, &34;

→He said that they should have finished the work by that time.

注意：直接引語如果是客觀事實、普遍真理、格言警句、與一個具體的過去時間連用說明客觀事實時，變為間接引語時，時態不變。

The teacher said, &34;

→The teacher said that the earth is round.

He said, &34;

→He said that he was born in Shangdong in 1965.

b.主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時或一般將來時

如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時或一般將來時，直接引語變為間接引語時，時態不變

He says, &34;I have watered the flowers.&34;I met Mr. Smith this morning.&34;We went to the cinema yesterday.&34;I will come back next month.&34;It is nine o&34;

→He said that it was nine o&34;I haven&34;

→He said that he hadn&34;I went there yesterday.&34;I&34;

→She said that she would go there the next day.

2.直接引語是一般疑問句

直接引語是一般疑問句，變為間接引語時，用if或whether引導，將疑問句的語序改為陳述句的語序。其人稱、時態等相應的變化同上。如果主句中的謂語動詞為said，則將其改為asked。如果謂語動詞後沒有間接賓語，可以加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, them, us等。

She said, &34;

→She asked me whether my father was an engineer.

The teacher said to Li Ming, &34;

→The teacher asked Li Ming whether he had finished his homework.

3.直接引語是特殊疑問句

直接引語為特殊疑問句, 改為間接引語時，用特殊疑問句中的疑問詞what, where, when, who, how many作為引導詞，語序改為陳述句的語序。其人稱、時態等相應的變化同上。如果主句中的謂語動詞為said，則將其改為asked。

&34;my friend said to me.

→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday morning.

&34;the teacher asked.

→The teacher asked Li Ming where he had been.

I asked her, &34; →I asked her how many English books she would read the next term.

&34;asked my father.

→My father asked me when I had got up that morning.

注意： 直接引語裡是：What&39;s the matter? /What&34;What&34;

He asked her what was the matter with her.

4.直接引語是祈使句

巧記：去掉引號要加to；ask，order須記住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。

He said,&34;

→He asked me to sit down.

The teacher said, &39;t talk in class! &34;Fire! "

→The captain ordered his men to fire.