many more 頡頏 much more

2021-02-19 叮叮學堂

丁丁老師先請同學們觀察下面10個出現在最新英語教材中的句子，然後將它們分類說明：

① In southern Thailand1, 900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said.（19年版普通高中英語教科書必修一54頁）

② The 8.0-magnitude earthquake which killed over 80.00 people and let many more injured turned many towns and counties into ruins.（19年版普通高中英語教科書必修一56頁）

③The number of problems from tourists is endless: walking in large groups without considering others who need to walk by, crossing roads without thinking of local traffic laws, and many more. （19年版普通高中英語教科書必修一80頁）

④ Following this, many more goals were achieved.（19年版普通高中英語教科書必修三40頁）

⑤The civil authorities reformed the system in 1940, and many more Chinese took the opportunity to settle in the USA. （19年版普通高中英語教科書必修三75頁）

⑥ I feel much more confident than I felt this morning. （19年版普通高中英語教科書必修一4頁）

⑦Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea! （19年版普通高中英語教科書必修一6頁）

⑧The United   Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. （19年版普通高中英語教科書必修二40頁）

⑨Kenya announced that it would export much more crude oil per day the next year. （19年版普通高中英語教科書必修三68頁）

⑩But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.（19年版普通高中英語教科書必修二28頁）

下面是丁丁老師的分類結論，看看你與老師的結論吻合不吻合？

一、④和⑤：many more+複數可數名詞，more是限定詞，many也是限定詞，均修飾後面的複數名詞。

二、①和②中的many more承前省掉了people；③中的many more承前省掉了problems。many是限定詞，more是代詞。

三、⑥much修飾形容詞比較級more confident，much是副詞。

四、⑦和⑨：much more+不可數名詞，more是限定詞，much也是限定詞，分別修飾後面的不可數名詞fun和crude oil。

五、⑧中的more是不定代詞，作understand的賓語，much是限定詞，修飾more。⑩中的more也是不定代詞，作done的賓語，much是限定詞，修飾more。

千萬別說整這些東西沒有用！我們學英語不僅僅只是為了考試，而是要學correct，standard and authentic英語！這樣吧，丁丁老師請你翻譯一句簡單的漢語：我的書房的書比你的多好多！

我的譯文是

I have many/a lot/plenty more books in my library than you do in yours.

或者是

There are many/a lot/plenty more books in my library than in yours.

或者是

I have a much larger collection of books than you（do）in my study.

……。

你做對了嗎？

不少朋友說，修飾比較級的程度常常用far, much, still, a lot , a little, a bit, rather, slightly, three times，怎麼又鑽出來一個many呢？不僅同學們有這樣的疑問，我國出版的語法著作不少也不把many包括在比較級的修飾語範圍內，甚至有人著文說這種用法是錯誤的。但在A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language(即Quirk等人編寫的《英語語法大全》（CGEL）527頁(英文版386頁)是這樣說的：

在比較不同的總數和總量時，獨立形式的many/much和a few/a little可以用在比較級more，fewer和less的前面：

 



Michael Swan在Practical English Usage一書的169頁(第二版翻譯本)說：

在more修飾複數名詞時，用many來修飾，不用much，試比較：

much/far/a lot/etc more money

many/far/a lot /etc more opportunities

下面我們再看幾個句子：

[1] We began to see many more people, but I wasn’t surprised.（04人教新課標版必修一59頁）我們開始看到更多的人，但我並不感到驚訝。

此句中的more是many的比較級，做people的定語，而它前面的many則是比較級的修飾語。注意是many more，而不是much more。當然many可以換做a lot，far或plenty。

[2] In 1940 the civil authorities reformed the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA. (04人教新課標選修八8頁) 1940年，民政局改革了這一制度，使更多的中國人能夠抓住在美國定居的機會。

[3] Since the 1980s a lot more have settled there. (04人教新課標選修八3頁) 自20世紀80年代以來，有更多的人定居在那裡。

[4] There』ll be a lot more people here in about five year’s time. (81年版人教版高一118頁)五年後這兒將聚集更多的人。

[5] A delivery man can carry many more plastic containers than containers made of wood or glass.（趙振才英語常見問題解答大辭典809頁）送貨員拿塑料容器要比拿木質或玻璃容器多的多。

[6] There are many more people looking for jobs than finding them every summer.（趙振才英語常見問題解答大辭典809頁）每年夏天找工作的人比找到工作的人多的多。

————本文部分內容摘自拙著《高中英語教材探疑——丁丁學英語》

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