這期繼續分享剩餘助動詞的用法
——would
would是will的過去式,用來表示過去將來時
例:
He said that he wouldtry again.(他說了他會再試一試)
Did you know when he wouldcome?(你當時知道他何時會來嗎)
有時也會出現will與一般過去時連用的現象
例:He said that he willvisit the country sometime in July(他說他會在七月份訪問該國)
那麼怎麼區分使用will還是would呢?
He said雖然為過去狀態,但will是用於尚未到來的時間,而would用於已經過去的時間。
例:
He said that he willvisit you tomorrow(他說了他明天會來拜訪你)
He said that he wouldvisit you yesterday(他說了昨天會來拜訪你)
would用在虛擬語氣中,表與現在或過去事實相反
與現在事實相反:would + 動詞原形 譯為「就會……」
例:If I had money now, I would buya big house.(如果我有現在有錢,我會買一套大房子)
與過去事實相反:would have + 過去分詞
例:If we had left earlier, wewould have been able to stop off for a coffee on the way.(如果我們出發早一點,我們就能在去的路上停下來喝一杯咖啡)
用would表示過去特別的習慣或者動作
例:I had a friend from Albany, which is about 36 miles away, and we wouldmeet every Thursday morning and she would help us.(我有一個來自奧爾巴尼的朋友,大概有36英裡遠,我們經常在星期三早上見面,並且她經常幫助我們)
用would表示間接委婉建議,經常和advise, imagine, recommend, say, suggest等詞連用
在請求或尋求幫助時,用would代替will以表禮貌正式
would常用的一些搭配
would rather + 動詞原形 寧願……
例:I would rathergo than stay here(我寧願走也不願意呆在這裡)
would you mind + v-ing 你介不介意……?
例:Would you mind usingyour book?(你介不介意用一下你的書?)
would rather +(that)從句 我多麼希望……
此句型屬於虛擬語氣,若與現在事實相反,that從句用一般過去時;若與過去事實相反,用過去完成時態。
與現在事實相反:I would rather(that)he were here.(我多麼希望他在這裡)
與過去事實相反:I would rather(that)he had been here yesterday(我多麼希望他昨天在這裡)
——can 和could
助動詞can有下列意思和用法
① 表做某件事的能力,翻譯為「能夠」
例:I can sing one song in Polish(我能用波蘭語唱歌)
常與感官動詞hear, see, smell, taste, 思想類動詞 guess, imagine, picture, understand follow等連用
例:
I can hear you.(我能聽到你)
I can guess why you’re angry.(我能猜到你為什麼生氣)
② 表可能性,翻譯為有可能
We can go to Rome in June because both of us have a week off work.(我們能去羅馬,因為我們都有一周的休息時間)
在疑問句中:can it be true?(這可能是真的嗎)
③ 表許可,譯為「可以」
Can I take Daisy for a walk?(我可以和黛西散步嗎)
Students canuse calculators during the exam.(學生在考試時可以用計算器)
④ 表對過去事實的否定推論
can't have + 過去分詞 不可能曾……
He is so busy that he can't have stolen you money yesterday.(他很忙昨天不可能偷你的錢)
注意:can不可用於對過去事實的肯定推論,要表對過去事實的肯定推論可用以下兩種句型:
must have + 過去分詞 一定曾經……
may have + 過去分詞 可能曾經……
例:He looks nervous,he must have stolenyou money.(他這麼緊張,一定滴偷了你的錢)
could為can的過去式,通常用以表示過去的狀況
例:She couldspeak English well when she was ten.(她10歲時英語就說得很好了)
In those days, you could buy everything in the local shop. Now we have to go to the big supermarket for everything.(哪些天你們能在當地超市買想要的東西,現在我們不得不去大超市買了)
could = was/were able to 表示過去的能力,用於一般過去時中
例:He was able to eat eight bowels of rice when he was young.(他年輕時能吃8碗米飯)
Could使用於問句中表示客氣
Could you please do it for me ?(你能幫我做這事嗎?)
Could have + 過去分詞
用來表示本應該發生而為發生的事情,表遺憾
He couldhave been a doctor.(他本應該成為一名醫生的)
I couldhave been famous.(我本應該很出名的)
有時也會用how could you/she/he/they……?來反對某事
例:How could youhave gone without telling me?(你怎麼能不告訴我一聲就走了呢)
Grandfather,How could youleave me?(爺爺,你怎麼能夠拋棄下我呢)
can與not連用時,不要寫成can not,而要寫成cannot或者can't
例:He cannot write letters(他不會寫信)
can的慣用語
can but/only 只能……
I can but/onlydo so.(我只能這麼做)
cannot help doing 禁不住……
例:I cannot help laughing.(我忍不住大笑起來)
到這裡還意猶未盡麼?
休息下,哈哈!助動詞的用法比想像的多得多,但又不能講得籠統,因此把常見的用法都整理了,這期就先到這裡吧,拋磚引玉,希望大家積極留言討論!
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