整體來說,comprise, compose, consist of 和 constitute都有「組成,構成」的意思,甚至很多情況下都能看到它們被互換使用。那麼他們之間有什麼區別呢?
comprise
(包含;由…組成)
Comprise的標準用法是「The whole comprises the parts」 ,parts必須是完整的組成成分列表。
比如:
The USA comprises 50 states.
A simple circuit comprises a source of voltage (e.g. a battery), a conductive path (e.g. awire), and a resistor (e.g. a lightbulb).
但是在實際的閱讀中,我們也經常會看到 「The whole is comprised of the parts」 的寫法,這種寫法存在很大的爭議,正如Bryan Garner所說, the expression is comprised of is " always wrong and should be replaced by some other, more accurate phrase..." Garner, Oxford, p. 75。
compose
(組成,構成)
Compose的標準用法是「the whole is composed of the parts」 ,parts必須是完整的組成成分列表。
比如:
The USA is composed of 50 states.
有時候也會寫成主動語態「the parts compose the whole」, 比如:
Fifty states compose the USA.
但是主動語態的寫法並不是很常見,或許是因為在主動語態的情況下,compose經常會作為「寫作,作曲」的意思使用。例如:Mozart composed his first symphony at the age of eight.
constitute
(組成,構成)
Constitute的標準用法是「The parts constitute the whole」 或者 「The whole is constituted of the parts.」,兩者都是可以的, parts必須是完整的組成成分列表。只不過主動語態的形式比被動語態更加常用。
比如:
Fifty states constitute the USA.
The USA is constituted of 50 states.
consist of
(有...組成,有...構成)
Consist of的標準用法是「The whole consists of the parts.」 parts必須是完整的組成成分列表。
比如:
The USA consists of 50 states.
需要注意的是,「is consisted of」是不對的。