情態動詞基本用法歸納二及順口溜

五、 情態動詞：shall, should

基本上SHALL 和WILL 都可以用在將來時，而SHOULD是一個情態動詞，表示「應該怎樣」

1) shall 用於第一人稱，徵求對方的意見。

What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用於第二、三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾)

3. He shall be punished.(威脅)

六、 情態動詞：will, would

1) 表示請求、建議等，would更委婉。

Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

will和would均可用，主要用於第二人稱的疑問句中，would此時並不表過去，而表示委婉語氣。如：

Will / would you please tell me the way to the post office? 請告訴去郵局的路好嗎?

Will / Won’t you have some tea? 你喝點茶，好嗎?

You wouldn’t have the time to phone him, would you? 你現在沒有那麼多時間給他打電話是吧?

2) 表示意志、願望和決心。

1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3.I will bring it tomorrow. 我明天會把它帶來。

4.We will not go there again. 我們不會再去那裡。

3) would表示過去反覆發生的動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習慣時比used to正式，且沒有「現已無此習慣」的含義。

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

2. The wound would not heal.

4) 表示估計和猜想。

It would be about ten o』clock when she left home.

七、 情態動詞：should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示「應該」，ought to表示義務或責任，比should語氣重。

1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

2. Should I open the window?

3) 表示推測

should , ought to (客觀推測), must(主觀推測)。

1.He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

八、 情態動詞+不定式完成式（have done）

1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示「本來可以做而實際上能做某事」，是虛擬語氣；在疑問句或否定句中表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定, 表示推測。

1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. （虛擬語氣）

2. He can’t have been to that town.（推測）

3. Can he have got the book?（推測）

2) may / might +不定式完成式（have done）

表示對過去行為的推測。不能用於疑問句中，沒有虛擬語氣的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

1. He may not have finished the work .

2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

3）must +不定式完成式（have done）

用於肯定句中，表示對過去行為的推測。意為「一定、想必」。其疑問、否定形式用can，can’t代替。參看1) can / could + have done表示推測。

1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

2. He must have been to Shanghai.

4）should +不定式完成式（have done）

用於肯定句中，表示對過去行為的推測。

He should have finished the work by now。

表示「本應該做而實際上沒有做某事」，其否定式表示某種行為本不該發生卻發生了。可以與ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互換。

1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

5) needn’t +不定式完成式（have done）

表示「本來不必做而實際上做了某事」。

You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

6) will +不定式完成式（have done）

主要用於第二、三人稱，表示對已完成的動作或事態的推測。

He will have arrived by now.

英語情態動詞用法順口溜

情態動詞要記牢;動詞原形來跟梢。

不管人稱單複數;現在過去樂逍遙。

can表能力和許可;也許可能may來表;

必須一定must;should應該來報到。

回答不須needn’t;mustn’t為不必要。

否定只要接not;疑問趕緊往前跑。