上周五川普發表了新方案「限制軍民融合項目中國研究生以上學生入境」，這個對中國學生去美國讀研究生有影響嗎？現在美國的研究生學生會不會受到影響？阿牛老師全文翻譯了一遍，大家看看就知道了
Proclamation on the Suspension of Entry as Nonimmigrants of Certain Students and Researchers from the People’s Republic of China
標題：這是一個公告，注意這不是行政命令或者法案，因此判斷是更多為了增加談判籌碼和拉選票站隊。公告不涉及具體實施的步驟和內容，具體該怎麼做，需要在後面具體宣布。
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is engaged in a wide ranging and heavily resourced campaign to acquire sensitive United States technologies and intellectual property, in part to bolster the modernization and capability of its military, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). The PRC’s acquisition of sensitive United States technologies and intellectual property to modernize its military is a threat to our Nation’s long-term economic vitality and the safety and security of the American people.
第一段：指責中國利用學習和研究來增強自身軍事能力和軍工水平，這是說明這個公告的背景。
The PRC authorities use some Chinese students, mostly post graduate students and post-doctorate researchers, to operate as non-traditional collectors of intellectual property. Thus, students or researchers from the PRC studying or researching beyond the undergraduate level who are or have been associated with the PLA are at high risk of being exploited or co-opted by the PRC authorities and provide particular cause for concern. In light of the above, I have determined that the entry of certain nationals of the PRC seeking to enter the United States pursuant to an F or J visa to study or conduct research in the United States would be detrimental to the interests of the United States.
第二段：與軍方有關研究項目有關的研究生或者博士後，採用F（學生）或者J（訪問學者）身份進入美國，川總說傷害了美國利益。
NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 212(f) and 215(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), 8 U.S.C. 1182(f) and 1185(a), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, hereby find that the unrestricted entry into the United States as nonimmigrants of persons described in section 1 of this proclamation would, except as provided for in section 2 of this proclamation, be detrimental to the interests of the United States, and that their entry should be subject to certain restrictions, limitations, and exceptions. I therefore hereby proclaim the following:
第三段：此處點明，本公告遵循的法律依據就是那個千年不變的，移民法212和215 （即總統或者行政權力部門有權限制修改那些會對美國利益上海的無限制入境的外國人入境籤證），以下聲明第一款裡的人，除開第二款的，要收到「一定的」限制，限定和例外。
Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States as a nonimmigrant of any national of the PRC seeking to enter the United States pursuant to an F or J visa to study or conduct research in the United States, except for a student seeking to pursue undergraduate study, and who either receives funding from or who currently is employed by, studies at, or conducts research at or on behalf of, or has been employed by, studied at, or conducted research at or on behalf of, an entity in the PRC that implements or supports the PRC’s 「military-civil fusion strategy」 is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation. For the purposes of this proclamation, the term 「military-civil fusion strategy」 means actions by or at the behest of the PRC to acquire and divert foreign technologies, specifically critical and emerging technologies, to incorporate into and advance the PRC’s military capabilities.
第四段： 暫停和限制入境。PRC公民（我們中國留學生），以F學生或者J訪學入境美國做研究生或者科研的，注意不包括讀大學本科（美國高中也不在這個範疇裡了）的學生，滿足兩個標準的：在PRC的MCF融合項目機構裡面（1）受到資助，正在工作，正在學習或者正在做研究的，（2）曾經受到資助，曾經工作，曾經學習或者曾經做過研究的，暫停給予籤證或者受限於第二款要求。MCF融合項目指的是「獲取或者轉移外國技術，尤其是關鍵和新型的技術，來提高PRC的軍用能力」的項目。
Sec. 2. Scope of Suspension and Limitation on Entry.
(a) Section 1 of this proclamation shall not apply to:
(i) any lawful permanent resident of the United States;
(ii) any alien who is the spouse of a United States citizen or lawful permanent resident;
(iii) any alien who is a member of the United States Armed Forces and any alien who is a spouse or child of a member of the United States Armed Forces;
(iv) any alien whose travel falls within the scope of section 11 of the United Nations Headquarters Agreement or who would otherwise be allowed entry into the United States pursuant to United States obligations under applicable international agreements;
(v) any alien who is studying or conducting research in a field involving information that would not contribute to the PRC’s military civil fusion strategy, as determined by the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the appropriate executive departments and agencies (agencies);
(vi) any alien whose entry would further important United States law enforcement objectives, as determined by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or their respective designees, based on a recommendation of the Attorney General or his designee; or
(vii) any alien whose entry would be in the national interest, as determined by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or their respective designees.
(b) Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to limit the ability of an individual to seek asylum, refugee status, withholding of removal, or protection under the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, consistent with the laws of the United States.
第五段，以上第一款不適用於或者例外的範疇：
-綠卡 （適用少）；綠卡或者公民的配偶（適用極少）；
-美軍成員或者配偶(無適用)；國際條約規定下的人員（外交領館或者涉外軍事團體，基本廢話）；
-國務卿或者國土安全部主任認為不適用MCF融合情況的（這個「看情況定」就是基本無用的廢話）；
-國務卿或者國土安全部主任認為會有助於司法程序的 （這個基本就是引渡或者證人計劃，適用在我們學生身上是基本為零）
-國務卿或者國土安全部主任認為會極大促進美國利益的 （那這不就是間諜，叛逃或者什麼鬼嗎，適用在我們學生身上是基本為零。）
-尋求政治庇護或者國際難民申請的人（開玩笑，去念書和拿個學位還能變成難民了？對我們適用性零）
Sec. 3. Implementation and Enforcement. (a) Persons covered by sections 1 or 2 of this proclamation shall be identified by the Secretary of State or the Secretary of State’s designee, in his or her sole discretion, pursuant to such standards and procedures as the Secretary of State may establish. For purposes of subsections 2(a)(v), 2(a)(vi), and 2(a)(vii) of this proclamation, the Secretary of State shall provide for identifications of aliens based on the further determinations and recommendations provided for in those subsections by the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security.
(b) The Secretary of State shall implement this proclamation as it applies to visas pursuant to such procedures as the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, may establish in the Secretary of State’s discretion. The Secretary of Homeland Security shall implement this proclamation as it applies to the entry of aliens pursuant to such procedures as the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the Secretary of State, may establish in the Secretary of Homeland Security’s discretion.
(c) An alien who circumvents the application of this proclamation through fraud, willful misrepresentation of a material fact, or illegal entry shall be a priority for removal by the Department of Homeland Security.
第六段，由國務卿（美國國務院）全權處理此事，來確定到底是誰滿足MCF融合條件。注意，這個審核誰不適合在美國，誰造成了偷技術啥的風險，過去100年都是國務卿在幹這個，難道還有別人？這也是廢話，具體怎麼操作，具體怎麼確定，那就隨機性很大了，隨機性大，那就不好操作，那就看是否很關鍵很重要了，如果不是那麼關鍵，那就按照之前的方法，CHECK盤查籤證更嚴格一些，否則沒法操作。
下面接著說，由國務卿確定人名之後，國土安全部來執行。之前是移民局來幹，最多加上海關的人，現在交給了國土安全部的人。
Sec. 4. Termination. This proclamation shall remain in effect until terminated by the President. The Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, may at any time recommend that the President continue, modify, or terminate this proclamation.
第七段，此項公告的終結。 由川總說了算，當然，這個要看到時候他還在不在這個位置上。
Sec. 5. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 12:00 p.m. eastern daylight time on June 1, 2020.
第八段，2020年六月一日生效。注意，這個「公告」是沒法生效的，只有總統下發「EXECUTIVE ORDER」行政命令才能生效，否則公告生效不就是當天嗎？所以，我越發覺得川總是不是太神經質了，這到底是鬧著玩的，還是認真的？認真那就列出來ABCD執行，直接發行政命令就好了，搞個公告四不像。就像說取消美國給予香港貿易最惠地位，那麼直接出臺政策，下行政命令就好了，越這麼搞，大家以後都不怕你了，對不？
Sec. 6. Additional Measures. (a) The Secretary of State shall consider, in the Secretary’s discretion, whether nationals of the PRC currently in the United States pursuant to F or J visas and who otherwise meet the criteria described in section 1 of this proclamation should have their visas revoked pursuant to section 221(i) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1201(i).
(b) Within 60 days of the effective date of this proclamation, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the heads of appropriate agencies, shall review nonimmigrant and immigrant programs and shall recommend to the President, through the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, any other measures requiring Presidential action that would mitigate the risk posed by the PRC’s acquisition of sensitive United States technologies and intellectual property.
(c) The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall, within the scope of their respective authorities and in coordination with the heads of appropriate agencies, take action to further mitigate the risk posed by the PRC’s acquisition of sensitive United States technologies and intellectual property. The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall report to the President, within 60 days of the effective date of this proclamation, through the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, any such planned and executed actions.
(d) The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall consider issuing updated regulations and guidance, as appropriate, implementing the inadmissibility provisions in section 212(a)(3)(D) of the INA, 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(3)(D).
第九段，國務卿本人自行裁定，滿足以上要求的PRC現在美國用F和J籤證的人，是否根據移民法取消其持有的籤證。
在六十天內，國務卿和國土安全部應向總統建議有沒有別的措施要施行來降低PRC獲取敏感US科技和智慧財產權。
在其職權範圍內，國務卿和國土安全部應採取相應措施來降低PRC獲取敏感US科技和智慧財產權，並在60天內向總統匯報。
國務卿和國土安全部應考慮下發相應操作條例和指導並執行 （這個就要看著兩個月下發的具體執行章程了，所以說還要等等看）。
Sec. 7. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this proclamation shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This proclamation shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This proclamation is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
第十段是廢話，不翻譯了。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and forty-fourth.
DONALD J. TRUMP
最後一段，川普籤名。