編輯推薦:新東方2013年考研真題及答案解析匯總
2013年考研英語已經落下帷幕,相信只要對歷年真題做了仔細鑽研的考生一定喜上眉梢,今年的閱讀理解文章的選材風格,行文結構以及解題方法依然延續歷年真題的特色,接下來筆者分別進行闡述。
(一) 選材風格
首先考研選材多出於西方的報刊雜誌,特別是Economist,幾乎年年都能見到他的身影活躍在考研的舞臺上(如今年的完型填空和閱讀理解的第二篇文章)。
其次考研文章特別強調時效性,今年流行什麼就考什麼;而今年依然沿襲了這樣的風格。經過網上的搜索,有3篇文章是選自於2012年6月份的國外的報紙和刊物。它們分別是,第一篇文章選自於2012年6月21號的Business Weekly。然後第二篇文章是選自於2012年6月9號Economist,第四篇文章是選自與2012年6月25號的The Wall Street Journal,第三篇文章選自一本雜誌 New Scientist。
再次最近兩年所選材料多以經濟學類,法律學類相關。例如今年的第二篇就是經濟學類的,第四篇就是法律學層面的。考生如果把近幾年考研中高頻出現的相關詞彙做一個總結就能立於不敗之地。例如最近幾年高頻出現的Supreme Court 最高法院;decision 裁決;appeal上訴;hear 審理; overturn撤銷裁決;dismiss駁回,其中不乏一些熟詞僻義,今年就考察了「Supreme Court 最高法院和overturn撤銷裁決」。Supreme Court 最高法院這個詞在2002年的第四篇;2010年第二篇;2012年第二篇;2012年英語二的第三篇,以及今年的第四篇不斷重複出現了,而且如果考生熟讀歷年真題就應該了解最高法院的裁決的意義,任何州的法律都不能和憲法違背,這樣就更能理解第四篇的文章意思了。
(二) 文章結構
今年文章的行文結構和歷年真題也幾乎雷同。
首先考研真題文章中的引子分兩大類:對比(contrast)和類比(comparison),對比時強調兩個或多個事物之間的不同點,類比是強調兩個或多個事物的相同點。以今年的大綱樣題為例(2006年第三篇文章),文章首先講述的是大型動物的瀕臨滅絕,緊跟著首段末句出現同樣的情況也在海洋中出現了,後文開始展開核心主題海洋中的大型魚類也面臨著滅絕的威脅,這就屬於類比型的引子。今年同樣的結構也出現了。第一篇第一段舉例子說明「fashion」引出第二段的核心概念「fast fashion」,典型的類比類引子;再如2010年第二篇文章第一段首先講述各種商業技術都被授予了專利。第二段首句出現了「now」,說明今天這些授權將得到限制,這就是明顯的對比論證。今年的第三篇同樣如此,第一段首先論述過去對未來的觀點都是好的,第二段出現now,說明今天和過去是不一樣的,對未來帶來了更多的威脅,典型的時間對比。
其次在具體的行文中主要的論證方法無非就是例證,對比和因果,尤以對比考察的最多最難。再以今年的大綱樣題為例(2006年第二篇),文章講述了莎士比亞故鄉兩個代表方,RSC和townsfolk各自不同的對立立場;今年第四篇文章同樣如此,講述了兩個層面的不同觀點,即聯邦和州不同觀點的對比論證,考生只要把握住分別的觀點是什麼,理解起來難度並不大。
(三) 解題方法
今年考研依然以細節事實題為主,輔以推理判斷題,主旨題,詞義題和態度題。但解題方法和誘惑方法和歷年真題依然一樣,以下舉幾個例子:
1細節事實題:
歷年真題中比重最大的就是細節題,而且考研的細節題最大特點是什麼都會考(包括例子,引子,but之前的),即考生要精確理解沒一個細節。舉例說明:
2013年Passage3
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly – glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment
[B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks
[D] our belief in equal opportunity
我們首先根據題幹中的used to 判定問的是過去,因此定位在原文的第一段,(其實第一段只是引子,第二段現在才是作者講述的主題)。而看到原文中的「leading to」,考生應該馬上聯想到因果顛倒,這是考研屢試不爽的誘惑方法,題目問的是原因,可以排除選項A和D,這兩個都是結果。選項C中的「risk」是文中未提及的信息;而原文中的「Science and technology」對應於選項B的「technology」,所以B為正確答案。
2 主旨題:
今年考察了兩道主題題型,解題方法和2012年第三篇考察的方法完全一樣。首先文章的中心詞或者同義詞必須出現,其次考生只要了解中心詞最簡單的方法就是重複出現的詞。
2012年 Passage 3
……
Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.
Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. ……he interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.
Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. ......
In the end, credibility 「happens」 to a discovery claim - a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. ……
35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?
[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.
[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.
[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.
[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.
文中重複不斷出現的就是credibility process,首先在選項中就能排除選項A和選項B,而文中講述的是過程對應的就是evolution,所以選擇答案C。
2013 Passage1
……
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or a odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of 「fast fashion」. ……
……
Over dressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. ……
……
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.
25. What is the subject of the text?
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle。
[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth。
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry。
[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret。
文中不斷出現的就是fast-fashion,作者的態度明顯是批判的,而選項只有C符合。
2013年 Passage3
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the futurewere largely ……
……. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little futureto look forward to.
……
So what does our deep futurehold? …...
Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, ……
……. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the futureis not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future
[B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
[D] Science, Technology and Humanity
文中重複出現的就是future,首先排除選項B和D。再看作者明顯對未來充滿信心,選擇選項C。
各位2014年考研的學子們,真題才是真正打開考研英語大門的金鑰匙。好好複習利用真題才是王道。
新東方教師解析2013年考研真題
2013年研究生考試成績查詢時間
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(責任編輯:陳永雷)