語法填空必殺一:形副比較級最高級的四大命題方向
語法填空名詞(含詞性轉換)解題技巧匯總
一、判斷方式:
1. 空格處的提示詞為名詞
二、基本能力
1. 名詞複數的寫法
(1)規則變化
情況
方法
例詞
一般情況
加-s
students,teachers,doctors,tables
以s,x,ch,sh結尾
加-es
glasses,dishes,boxes,watches但stomach複數形式直接加s,即stomachs
以輔音字母+y結尾
變y為i再加-es
families,babies,armies,bodies
以元音字母+y結尾
加-s
boys,toys,pianos,photos
以f或fe結尾
大都變f或fe為v,再加-es
thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives
少數加-s
beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs
以o結尾
通常加-s
radios,videos,zoos,tobaccos
有的加-es
heroes,potatoes,tomatoes
(2)不規則變化
child孩子→children
man男人→men
tooth牙→teeth
foot腳,英尺→feet
mouse老鼠→mice
phenomenon現象→phenomena
medium傳播媒介→media
datum(數據)→ data
Stadium(體育場)→stadia 或者 stadiums
2. 構詞法相關知識:名詞與動詞、形容詞互換的常見寫法
(1)名詞變形容詞的常見後綴
常用後綴
例詞
-able,-ful,-ous, -al,-y,-ive
valuable,comfortable,
successful,
dangerous,
medical,
lucky,
expensive
(2)名詞變動詞的常見後綴
常用前綴和後綴
例詞
en-, -en, -ize
enforce, enlarge
threaten, strengthen, heighten,
symbolize
(3)動詞變形容詞的常用後綴
常用後綴
例詞
-ing,-ed,-able,
-ful,-less,-ive
amazed,
confusing,
reliable,enjoyable,
forgetful,careful,
careless,
attractive
(4)動詞變名詞的常用後綴
常用後綴
例詞
-ion/-tion/-sion/-ation
correct→correction改正
celebrate→celebration慶祝;慶祝會
conclude→conclusion結論;結束
discuss→discussion討論;辯論
decide→decision決定
admit→admission接納;準許入學
attract→attraction吸引
invite→invitation邀請
explain→explanation解釋
graduate→graduation畢業
expect→expectation期望
-er/-or
drive→driver司機;駕駛員
gather→gatherer收集者;採集者
conduct→conductor指揮;售票員
teach→teacher老師
announce→announcer播音員
-ment
punish→punishment懲罰
achieve→achievement成績;成就
argue→argument辯論;論據
treat→treatment對待;治療
equip→equipment裝備;設備
govern→government政府
-ance/-ence
appear→appearance出現;外貌
guide→guidance指引;指導
perform→performance表演;節目
exist→existence存在;生活
prefer→preference偏愛
refer→reference參考;查閱
-ing
hear→hearing聽力;聽覺
begin→beginning開始
-ure/-ture
fail→failure失敗
press→pressure壓力
mix→mixture混合;混合物
depart→departure離開;出發
-y
recover→recovery恢復;痊癒
discover→discovery發現
其他
choose→choice選擇
vary→variety多樣化;種類
tend→tendency趨向;趨勢
(5)形容詞變名詞的常見後綴
常用後綴
例詞
-age
short→shortage不足;短缺
-cy
efficient→efficiency效率;功效
fluent→fluency流利;流暢
accurate→accuracy準確性
private→privacy隱私;私密
-dom
free→freedom自由;自主
wise→wisdom明智;智慧
-ence
different→difference 差異
silent→silence沉默
-ness
weak→weakness虛弱;弱點
kind→kindness仁慈;好意
careless→carelessness粗心大意
-th
strong→strength力氣;優點
warm→warmth溫暖;熱情
-y
-ty
-ity
honest→honesty誠實
difficult→difficulty困難
cruel→cruelty殘酷;殘暴
safe→safety安全
disable→disability傷殘
responsible→responsibility責任
3. 名詞所有格的寫法(2021年的八省聯考的最新考法)
以s結尾的複數名詞直接加 ' 其餘加 's
例如:We accepted the invitation without a moment’s hesitation.
我們一點也沒有猶豫就接受了邀請。
三、常見考法
初級難度:
1.名詞變複數
(1)修飾詞
①one of+名詞複數。
②大於2的基數詞,different,various,many,these/those,few,a few,several,all,both,other,a (large) number of,a couple of,a dozen of,dozens of,a handful of等後用名詞複數。
③some後如果是可數名詞,要用複數。
(2)謂語動詞:如果所填的名詞作主語,謂語動詞是複數形式are,were,have或動詞原形,則用名詞複數。
(3)特殊的複數名詞
belongings n.財產
possessions n.財產
congratulations n.祝賀
surroundings n.環境
findings n.發現
good/bad manners有禮貌/沒禮貌
take turns輪流
in all directions四面八方
in ruins嚴重受損;破敗不堪
中級難度
名詞所有格
翻譯句子,發現要翻譯為:.「... ...的」 時
高級難度
詞性轉換(判斷是哪種詞性的詞是難點)
分析句子結構並確定所填詞在句子中所作的成分是解答詞性轉換題的關鍵所在。
(1)填形容詞或副詞
①作定語、表語、賓補或主補時,填形容詞。
②修飾動詞(短語)、介詞(短語)、形容詞、副詞或整個句子時,填副詞。
③所給詞是形容詞、副詞,詞性不需要變化時,根據句意和前後邏輯關係,確定句意表否定時,添加否定前綴(un,im,in,il,dis等)或後綴(less)變為其反義詞。
注意:①、②考的概率非常高;③考的概率低
(2)兩種方法判定填名詞
① 根據所作成分判斷
a設空作主語或作及物動詞(短語)或介詞(短語)的賓語時,填名詞。
b作表語,表主語是「什麼」時,填名詞。
注意:a情況考察概率高;b情況較難,需要翻譯能力
② 根據設空位置判斷
a在「冠詞(+形容詞)」後填名詞。
b在「冠詞+ +of」結構中填名詞。
c在形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數詞、量詞、形容詞之後,考慮填名詞。
注意:abc三種情況考察比較多
③ 作謂語或「非謂語」時填動詞
所給詞是形容詞或名詞,設空在句中作謂語或非謂語,填動詞,再根據具體語境,結合構詞法,填寫轉換後的正確的動詞形式。
注意:形容詞或者名詞變為動詞原形考察比較多;在轉換其他的事情謂語或者非謂語形式考察比較少。
有精力的同學,請背誦:
大匯總|高中英語179組核心詞的詞性轉換
請練習:
高考語法填空詞性轉換專練
四、經典練習
較易試題:
1.No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get involved in various ______ (activity) on Earth Day.(2019·北京)
答案activities
解析 考查名詞複數。根據設空前的修飾詞various可知,此處要用名詞的複數形式。故填activities。
2.Making Chinese ______(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(2018·浙江)
答案dishes
解析 考查名詞複數。dish菜餚,為可數名詞,中式菜餚有很多種,故此處用dish的複數形式。
3.A mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ______(cause).(2018·全國Ⅰ)
答案causes
解析 考查名詞複數。cause表示「原因,起因」時是可數名詞,前面有all修飾,故填cause的複數形式。
4.This trend,which was started by the medical community(醫學界) as a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side ______(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全國Ⅰ)
答案effects
解析 考查名詞複數。side effect副作用,由前面的some和下文中的兩個例子overweight and heart disease可知,名詞effect用複數形式effects。
5.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ______(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017·全國Ⅱ)
答案crowds
解析 考查名詞複數。crowd是可數名詞,且前面沒有限定詞,故應用複數形式。
6.She has turned down several ______(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.(2017·全國Ⅲ)
答案invitations
解析 考查名詞複數。several表「幾個」,其後要用名詞invitation的複數形式invitations。
7.Last October,while tending her garden in Mora,Sweden,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ______(carrot) and was about to throw them away.(2017·浙江)
答案carrots
解析 考查名詞複數。a handful of一把,幾個,後接可數名詞的複數形式。a handful of carrots一把胡蘿蔔。
8.Recent ______(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016·全國Ⅱ)
答案studies
解析 考查名詞複數。根據後面的謂語動詞show可知,主語應是複數形式。
9. Since 1953, UNICEF has taken (take) up an extended mission to help children in the developing world, including those living with disease or disabilities, and those affected by rapid modernization and environmental ______ (problem). (2021年西城期末)
答案studies
解析 考查名詞複數。problem是可數名詞,沒有限定詞,所以是複數形式。
2021年最新考法
A ________(65)(student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first(2021年八省聯考英語試題)
答案 student’s
解析 考察名詞所有格。根據句意,一個學生的大學經歷是自己獨一無二的,學生必須把自己的教育放在首位。
詞性轉換
1.The far side of the moon is of particular ______ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(環形山)...(2020·全國Ⅰ)
答案 interest
解析 考查詞性轉換(形容詞變名詞)。此處是「be of+名詞」結構,be of interest to sb.意為「對某人有吸引力」。
2.Chinese New Year is a ______ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.(2020·全國Ⅱ)
答案 celebration
解析 考查詞性轉換(動詞變名詞)。由空前的不定冠詞a可知,此處應填名詞。
3. The ______ (beauty) long branches covered with pinkcolored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.(2020·全國Ⅱ)
答案 beautiful
解析 考查詞性轉換(名詞變形容詞)。由於空後的中心詞是名詞branches,所以只能用形容詞。
4.Filled with ______(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.(2020·全國Ⅲ)
答案 curiosity
解析 考查詞性轉換(形容詞變名詞)。作介詞with的賓語,用名詞形式。
5.Landing on the moon’s far side is ______(extreme) challenging.(2020·全國Ⅰ)
答案 extremely
解析 考查詞性轉換(形容詞變副詞)。修飾形容詞challenging應用extreme的副詞形式extremely。
6.______ (certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must.(2020·全國Ⅱ)
答案 Certainly
解析 考查詞性轉換(形容詞變副詞)。此處修飾整個句子,用副詞certainly,注意首字母要大寫。
7.As the small boat moved ______ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.(2020·全國Ⅲ)
答案 gently
解析 考查詞性轉換(形容詞變副詞)。用副詞修飾動詞moved。
8.In the 18th and 19th centuries,______ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)
答案 wealthy
解析 考查詞性轉換(名詞變形容詞)。此處是形容詞作定語,修飾名詞people。wealthy adj.富裕的。
9. Historical ______ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)
答案 accuracy
解析 考查詞性轉換(形容詞變名詞)。形容詞historical修飾的名詞在句中作主語。
10.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a ______ (believe) that populations are increasing.(2019·全國Ⅰ)
答案belief
解析 考查詞性轉換(動詞變名詞)。根據其前不定冠詞和其後的同位語從句可知,空格處應為名詞形式,故填belief。
11.When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ______ (compete) to watch,together with the story behind it.(2019·全國Ⅲ)
答案competition
解析 考查詞性轉換(動詞變名詞)。由空前的an interesting可以確定空格處應該填名詞形式。故填competition。
12.They also shared with us many ______(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.(2019·全國Ⅲ)
答案traditional
解析 考查詞性轉換(名詞變形容詞)。空格處修飾名詞stories,應用形容詞,tradition的形容詞形式為traditional,故填traditional。
13. While many of your trusted relatives and peers(同齡人) may have very ________(57)(value) advice that can help you to make the decision, finally the choice is yours and yours alone. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and ________(58)(satisfy), so keep that at the front of your mind. (2021年八省聯考試題)
答案valuable;satisfied
解析 考查詞性轉換(名詞變形容詞)。57空格處修飾名詞advice,應用形容詞,value的形容詞形式為valuable,故填valuable。58空格處是並列結構,空前為形容詞,空後也為形容詞;又因為都是修飾你,所以答案為satisfied。
注意:57空valuable 的寫法,不要寫成valueable;58空注意區分:satisfied和satisfactory;
satisfied:filled with satisfaction;
satisfactory:Something that is satisfactory is acceptable to you or fulfils a particular need or purpose. (兩個單詞釋義來自柯林斯字典)
故 satisfactory用來修飾物;satisfied用來修飾人
類似於:~ing:令人。。。。;~ed感覺到。。。。
例如:He was excited by the exciting news.