一 被動語態概述
語態是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關係。英語的語態共有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。
被動語態是動詞的一種特殊形式，一般說來，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來表示被動意義。
如：He opened the door. 他打開了這扇門。（主動語態）The door was opened. 這扇門被打開了。（被動語態）
構成
被動語態由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構成。被動語態的時態變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。
二 被動語態的使用注意事項
1. 不及物動詞無被動語態
What will happen in 100 years？一百年裡會發生什麼事？
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 約65萬年前恐龍滅絕。
2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義
This pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好寫。
This new book sells well. 這本新書賣的很好。
3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態中不帶to ，但變為被動語態時，須加上to 。
例：
make somebody do something somebody + be + made to do something
see somebody do something somebody + be + seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一個女孩看到我的錢夾掉了當她經過的時候。
The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 這個老闆讓這小男孩乾重活。
4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，直接賓語(物)作主語，那麼動詞後要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。
He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. 他給了我一本書。
He showed me aticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. 他給我展示了一張票。
My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父親給我買了一輛新自行車。
5. 一些動詞短語用於被動語態時，動詞短語應當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
We can’t laugh at him. He can’t be laugh at by us. 我們不能嘲笑他。
He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收聽廣播。
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.這護士在照顧這個虛弱的男人。
三 被動語態的用法
1. 一般現在時的被動語態構成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我們教室每天都被打掃。
I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力學習。
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用來切東西的。
2. 一般過去時的被動語態構成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new shop wasbuilt last year. 去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs werelaid long long ago. 恐龍蛋被放置了很久很久。
3. 一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city. 我們城市將要修建一家新醫院。
Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年會種更多的樹。
4. 現在進行時的被動語態構成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now. My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。
They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them. 他們在那裡種植的樹木。
5. 現在完成時的被動語態構成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages. 這本書被翻譯成多種文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在許多國家有許多人造衛星被送上了太空。
6. 過去進行時的被動語態構成：was/were + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurriedto the hospital. 當他的父母趕到醫院的時候這個男孩正在做手術。
The new road was being made. 這條新路正在修築。
7. 過去完成時的被動語態構成：had + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老師來之前，教室尚未打掃。
The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema. 在門票被銷售一空前我趕到了電影院。
8. 將來完成時的被動語態構成：shall/will + have done
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 屆時，他們結婚將滿20周年。
The project will have been completed before May. 該項目將在五月前完成。
9. 含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Young trees must be watered often. 小樹需要經常澆水。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你應該現在就改正你的錯誤。
The door may be locked inside. 這扇門可以反鎖。
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作業可以明天交。
四 被動主動的轉化
步驟：
（1）將主動句的賓語變為主語
注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變為主格。
（2）將動詞改為"be+過去分詞"
（3）將主動語態的主語改為be…放在謂語動詞後。
注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應由主格變為賓格。
例：Tom broke a glass. A glass was broken by Tom.
注意事項：
（1）主動句中的主語如果是複數形式含糊地表示"人們"、"大家"的單詞，變為被動句時可以不用表示，但原主語被強調者除外。
例：They set up this hospitalin 1975. This hospital was set up in 1975.
（2）含有雙賓語的句子，每個賓語都可變為被動語態的主語，即其被動語態有兩種形式。
例：He gave us the book. We were gave the book by him. The book was given by him.
Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布魯斯每星期寫一封信。
You must lock the door when you leave. The door must be locked when you leave. 當你離開的時候你必須把門鎖上。
（參考有道看天下）