昨天給大家分享了初中英語賓語從句三大考點,今天繼續跟大家分享初中英語的另一大高頻考點——主謂一致。(每天都會為大家分享初中英語學習過程中的乾貨內容,可關注我哦~)
所謂主謂一致就是謂語動詞在人稱和數上要和主語保持一致,主謂一致主要包括語法一致,意義一致和就近一致三大原則,咚咚咚,敲黑板,劃重點了!
考點一 語法一致原則
語法一致即單數主語需要用動詞單數形式,複數主語需要用動詞複數形式。
1. 由and或both…and…連接起來的合成主語後面,謂語動詞用複數形式。
Eg:Tom and Tim are both pupils.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
2. 不定代詞either,neither,each,one,the other,anybody,anything,someone,something,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
Eg:Everyone is ready for the exam.
——Which would you like,tea or coffee?
——Either is OK.
3. 由each…and each…,every…and every…,no…and no…作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。
Eg:Each boy and each girl is given an apple.
No air and no water is on the moon.
4. 主語後接with,along with,together with,as well as,including,besides,except,but等短語時,謂語動詞的數由主語的單複數形式決定。
Eg:The mother with her three sons is watching TV.
5. a number of+名詞複數作主語時,謂語動詞用複數,意為「許多的,大量的」。the number of+名詞複數作主語時,謂語動詞用單數,意為「……的數量」。
6. a lot of(lots of),plenty of,most of+名詞,分數或百分數+名詞作主語時,謂語動詞的單複數由名詞決定。如果名詞為不可數或單數,則謂語動詞用單數,如果名詞是可數名詞複數,則謂語動詞用複數。
Eg:Lots of people have been there.
Plenty of water is needed in this area.
Two thirds of the earth is covered with water.
7. 由a pair(a kind…) +of+複數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數;pairs(kinds…)+of+複數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。
Eg:The pair of shoes is expensive.
Twenty pairs of shoes are made every day by her.
8. 不定式或動名詞或從句作主語,謂語動詞用單數。
Eg:Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.
9. 只有複數形式的名詞如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,glasses作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。
eg:My clothes are wore out.
考點二 意義一致原則
意義一致又叫概念一致,即謂語是單數還是複數要看主語所表達的概念。
1. 由and連接的兩個名詞作主語時,如果是同一概念(and後面無冠詞),謂語動詞用單數。
Eg:The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.(老師兼醫生)
2. 金錢,時間,距離,重量作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。
Eg:Two months is a long time.
3. 集體名詞如family,team,group,class等表示整體概念時,謂語動詞用單數形式;如果表示集體中的成員,則謂語動詞可以用複數形式。
Eg:His family is a big one.
His family are watching TV now.
4. people,police等集合名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用複數形式。
Eg:The police are leaving for Pairs.
5. The+姓氏複數表示「一家人」或「夫婦二人」,作主語時,謂語動詞用複數形式。
Eg:The Greens are friendly to me.
6. the+adj.表示一類人,作主語時謂語動詞用複數形式,如the poor,the rich,the young,the old。
Eg:The rich aren’t always happy.
7. 表學科的以s結尾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數,如:politics,maths,physics等。
Eg:Physics is an important subject in middle school.
8. 形式上為複數的專有名詞,如人名,書名,組織機構作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。
注意:以s結尾的海峽,群島,山脈等作主語時,謂語動詞通常用複數形式。
Eg:The United States was founded after World War .
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.
9. 由each修飾的名詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數,each位於複數主語後或句尾作同位語,謂語動詞仍和主語一致。
Eg:Each of the students is clever.
They each have been to London.
考點三 就近原則
謂語動詞與它相鄰近的名詞保持一致,這種原則就叫做就近原則。
1. 由either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also,not…but…或or連接兩個並列主語時,其謂語動詞與較近的主語保持一致。
Eg:Neither you nor I am wrong.
Not only Tom but also Mary is ready to help you.
2. There be…和Here be…這兩個句式中的be常與最近的主語保持一致。
Eg:There is a teacher and four students in the classroom.
主謂一致需要同學們認真體會以上內容,只要理解並熟記可輕鬆搞定相應題目。大家理解消化後可以找些相關題目操練一下,如有問題歡迎留言,也可收藏分享。歡迎關注~