鄭州小升初家長對英語的重視不亞於奧數,為孩子報了奧數班的同時,總會幫孩子也報名參加英語培訓班。現階段,離小升初已經不遠了,因為鄭州小升初一般會在每年3月份開始,所以,現在英語複習就顯得尤為重要。英語複習跟奧數、語文一樣,要將知識分類進行複習,英語可以有很多種分類,有一類叫做「句型」。如果說語法是英語的靈魂,詞彙是英語的筋肉的話,句型就是英語的骨骼。同學們跟小編一起來複習一下英語的骨骼——「句型」吧。
英語句型可以分為以下幾類,每一類都有句型分析:
1、 肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
2、否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
☆注意☆ 小結:否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎上加上了否定詞 「not」。有動詞be的句子則「not」加在be後面,可縮寫成「isn’t,aren’t」,但am not 一般都分開寫。沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然後在它後面加上「not」,你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如「don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。這三個助動詞要根據人稱和時態來選擇,其中「does」只用於一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而「did」只用於一般過去時,不論主語是什麼人稱和數,都用「did」 。
3、一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用「yes」,或「no」來回答。
如:Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).
Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
☆注意☆ 小結:一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎上,
①把動詞be調到首位,其他照寫,末尾標點符號變成問號即可。
②沒有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在後面的動詞變回原形,末尾標點符號變成問號即可。
這三個助動詞也要根據人稱和時態來選擇,其中「does」只用於一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而「did」只用於一般過去時,不論主語是什麼人稱和數,都用「did」 。一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句裡的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句裡的這個詞是一致的。
4、特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導的句子。此類句子應該問什麼就答什麼,不能用「yes 、no」來回答。如:
What is this? It’s a computer.
What does he do? He’s a doctor.
Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.
Which season do you like best? Summer.
When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.
Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.
Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.
How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.
How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.
☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.
How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.
How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.
☆小結:how many 用來提問可數名詞的數量,主要有以上三種句式搭配,
How many + 名詞複數 + do you have? 你有多少……?
How many + 名詞複數 + can you see? 你能看見多少……?
How many + 名詞複數 + are there…? 有多少……?
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