初三英語語法知識點：人稱代詞主格與賓格
英語中的人稱代詞(Personal Pronouns)有主格、賓格和所有格之分，如：
I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。
顧名思義，主格(The nominative case)用作主語，賓格(The objective case)用作賓語，所有格(The possessive case)則表示所有之物。
在實際運用中，主格和賓格代詞有時會混淆。下面是常見的問題：
⒈在複合結構裡，人稱代詞的主格和賓格在單獨使用時，沒有問題，如很少人會犯下這樣的錯誤：
*(1)Wilcox spoke to I.
*(2)Her knew what had happened.
但在複合結構中，錯誤就難免了，如：
*(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
*(4)He and her knew what had happened.
*(5)This is between you and he.
這種錯誤是可避免的。第一，在有介詞的複合結構中，特別要注意，第二個人稱代詞，必須用賓語，如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him".第二，試把複合結構中的另一部分暫時用括號圍起來，那麼該用的格就容易辨別了，如：
(6)This message is for (My father and) I or me.
(7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together.
顯然的，(5)裡的代詞是賓格的"me", (6)裡的代詞是主格的"he".
⒉在比較結構裡，連接詞"as"或"than"後面，按理用主格式，但在口語中，人們常用賓格形式，學美式英語者，更是如此：
(8)a. You did as well as she.
b. You did as well as her.
(9)a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
(a)和(b)兩種說法，都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"後頭分句的主語和詞動都要完整出現的話，這時的人稱代詞，就必須是主格，如下：
(10)You did as well as she did.
(11)I am older than he is .
此外，還有一點要注意，就是"as"和"than"後面雖然在語法上用主格好，用賓格也可，但是有時意思會有所不同。試比較(a)和(b)：
(12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
(12)a和b都被接受，但(12)a等於(13)a，而(12)b等於(13)B：
(13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria).
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
顯然，這兩句的深層意思大有差別。遇到這種情形，為了避免誤解，不妨根據要表達的意思用完整的句式表達出來。換句話說，必要的話，要用(13)這句子。
不然，把(13)a變成(14), (13)b變成(15)也可：
(14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
(15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
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