英語專升本關係代詞和關係副詞有哪些?關係代詞(that, who, whom, whose, which)所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。
例1. Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who / that在從句中作主語,指人)
例2. He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom / that在從句中作賓語,指人)
例3. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.(whose在句中作定語,指人)
例4. Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.(whose在句中作定語,指物。若指物,它還可以同of which互換)
例5. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作carry的賓語,指物)
關係副詞(when, where, why, that)可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用。
例6. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
例7. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
例8. His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
例9. He can’t find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.
怎麼判斷英語專升本關係代詞和關係副詞?
方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯(註:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。)
(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯繫在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關係代詞/關係副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. thatC. on whichD. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. thatC. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1變為肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變為肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關係代詞,所以應選D。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A。
關係詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關係代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應選擇關係副詞 ( where 地點狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語) 。
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