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2015年12月四級英語閱讀答案及解析（杭州新東方）
2015-12-21 16:21
來源：新東方網整理
作者：杭州新東方
仔細閱讀解析
第一篇
Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?
It wouldn’t be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn’t reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a Silicon Valley?
It’s the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.
You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub (中心):rich people and nerds (痴迷科研的人).
Observation bears this out. Within the US, towns have become startup hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it’s full of rich people, it has few nerds. It’s not the kind of place nerds like.
Whereas Pittsburg has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But what did Carnegie-Mellon yield in Pittsburgh? And what happened in Ithaca, home of Cornell University, which is also high on the list.
I grew up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there’s no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don’t want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there are plenty of hackers (電腦迷) who could start startups, there’s no one to invest in them.
Do you really need the rich people? Wouldn’t it work to have the government invest the nerds? No, it would not. Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fact that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.
56. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?
A) Its success is hard to copy anywhere else.
B) It is the biggest technology hub in the US.
C) Its fame in high technology is incomparable.
D) It leads the world in information technology.
57. What makes Miami unfit to produce a Silicon Valley?
A) Lack of incentive for investments.
B) Lack of the right kind of talents.
C) Lack of government support.
D) Lack of famous universities.
58. In that way is Carnegie-Mellon different from Stanford, Berkeley and MIT?
A) Its location is not as attractive to rich people
B) Its science department are not nearly as good
C) It does not produce computer hackers and nerds
D) It does not pay much attention to business startups
59. What does the author imply about Boston?
A) It has pleasant weather all year round.
B) It produces wealth as well as high-tech
C) It is not likely to attract lots of investor and nerds.
D) It is an old city with many sites of historical interest.
60. What does the author say about startup investors?
A) They are especially wise in making investments.
B) They have good connections in the government.
C) They can do more than providing money.
D) They are enough to invest in nerds.
答案解析：
56. A) Its success is hard to copy anywhere else. 題幹問Silicon Valley（矽谷）的特點。答案定位到第二段首句，It wouldn’t be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn’t reproduce it in most of the US either. 其中hard to copy和hard to reproduce構成同義改寫。
57. B) Lack the right kinds of talents. 題幹問的是Miami不適合出產Silicon Valley的原因。答案定位到第五段第三句Few startups happen in Miami, because although it’s full of rich people, it has few nerds（痴迷科學的人）。儘管邁阿密有很多有錢人，但是沒有痴迷科學的人。nerds與B選項的talents構成同義改寫。
58. A) Its location is not as attractive to rich people. 題幹問的是Carnegie-Mellon大學有別於Stanford, Berkeley和MIT的方式。答案定位到第六段首句。Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. 在Pittsburgh的Carnegie-Mellon大學儘管痴迷科學的人很多，但是沒有有錢人，所以和其它大學不一樣，未能出產類似矽谷的科技中心。
59. D) It is an old city with many sites of historical interest. 題幹問的是關於Boston作者暗示出什麼信息，這是一道推斷題。線索定位在第七段第二句。The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there’s no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston.作者表示Pittsburgh沒有有意思的古城來彌補氣候的不足，就像Boston一樣。那麼可以推知Boston是一個古城。
60. C) They can do more than providing money. 題幹問的是作者關於startup investors（創業投資人）的觀點。文章最後一段從第4-7句起都提到了startup investors。這種題目的答案句不容易確定，第4-7句都有可能成為答案，宜選用排除法解。A) They are especially wise in making investments.原文並沒有體現出他們在投資方面特別的明智。最多提到了他們在技術行業擁有很多經驗。B) They have good connections in the government.原文並沒有提到他們與政府的聯繫，該選項將第二句的government與第六句的connection進行了生硬的拼湊。D) They are rich enough to invest in nerds.原文並未提及創業投資人有足夠的錢來投資痴迷科學的人，nerds出現的位置也遠離了答案的定位區間。C) They can do more than providing money. 根據第六句，他們除了提供資金還可以提供建議和聯繫，因此是正確選項。
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