詞綴是前綴、後綴、中綴的總稱。它是加在詞基上以構成新詞幹(Stem)的詞素,或是提供屈折成分的詞素。
後綴-ness含義、詞源和詞例
-ness抽象名詞後綴,意為:state,quality,加在形容詞之後,構成抽象名詞,表示性質、情況、動作、質量或狀態。
例如:
effortlessness
毫不費力(making no effort),前綴ef=ex=out,fort=strong
She plays with seemingly effortless skill.(她演奏得似乎毫不費力。)
shamelessness
不知羞恥,無恥(effrontery,immodesty)
In a display of utter shamelessness,he pulled out several $100 bills and began waving them in their faces.(他完全不知羞恥,掏出幾百元大鈔在他們面前揮舞。)
後綴-ite含義、詞源和詞例
-ite是個直接來自法語的名詞後綴。它有兩種作用:
1、加在名詞後面表示人,這時,它有an inhabitant of ~ (...的居民),a descendant of ~(...的後代),a follower of ~(...的追隨者),a person associated with ~(與...有關的人)等意思。
2、加在名詞詞根後面表示物,a mineral species (礦物),a fossil (化石),an explosive (炸藥),a chemical product (化工產品)等意思。
例如:
appetite
n.欲望;食慾(physical desire especially for food)
She had four teenaged boys,each with the appetite of a bear!(她有四個十來歲的兒子,每個孩子的胃口都大如熊。)
exquisite
adj.絕妙的,完美無缺的(of great excellence;brought to a high state of perfection)
What is considered everyday to the local residents,is exquisite to the tourists who come from all over the world to see the fields of poppise.(這在當地人看起來是很平常的東西,對於從世界各地遠道而來欣賞罌粟田野的遊客來說卻是妙不可言。)
granite
n.花崗巖
gran(=grain糧食;顆粒;[作物] 穀物;紋理)
Granites is usually gray and is much used for buildings and monuments.(花崗巖常為灰色,多用於建造房屋和紀念碑。)
後綴-ish含義、詞源和詞例
形容詞、動詞、名詞後綴ish意為:like,retating to,make。
一、形容詞後綴
(1)加在名詞後,表示如...的;似...的;有...的性質的。
amateurish
adj.外行的,業餘的;不熟練的(inexpert,imperfect)
The tourist made a rather amateurish attempt to negotiate with the shopkeeper.(遊客很外行地與店主討價還價。)
bookish
adj.書的;學究的;愛好書籍的(of books and studies)
He was always a bookish kid ,so i'm not surprised he's professor now.(他以前就是個愛讀書的孩子,所以他現在當教授我一點也不驚訝。)
(2)加在形容詞之後面,表示含有某種程度的、略...的、稍...的
coldish 略寒的,稍冷的;
greenish 略帶綠色的;
warmish 稍暖的;
oldish 略老的,稍舊的;
表示某國的或某民族的,兼表某國的語言
English 英國的,英語;
Swedish 瑞典的,瑞典語;
Spanish 西班牙的,西班牙語;
Finnish 花蘭的,芬蘭語;
二、動詞後綴
表示做...、致使...、造成...、成為...
flourish
v.茂盛;繁榮 (極度地誇耀)(grow in a healthy manner;prosper)
The weed,unintentionally brought to America by trade ships,has been flourishing in the Florida Everglades,killing off native grasses.(被貿易船隻偶然帶到美國的雜草取代了佛羅裡達沼澤當地的牧草,在那裡長勢茂盛。)
garnish
v.為增加色香味而添加酸菜;裝飾(decorate food for the table)
Garnish the tray with broccoli or cauliflower.(用花椰菜或球花甘來裝飾餐盤。)
後綴-ion含義、詞源和例詞
-ion來源於拉丁語,只能加綴在拉丁動詞詞幹或拉丁借詞上,構成相應的名詞,其意思相當於the act or process of ~,the result of ~ing,the condition of being ~ed,a thing that ~s等,即表示某一動作過程、結果與狀態,以及與該行為有關的事物。由於拉丁構詞規律的影響,-ion有-ation,-ition,-ution等異體,但它們的用法與意義與-ion並無區別。
attraction 【attract v.吸引】
n.吸引;吸引力
The attraction of the bright headlight made the deer stop in the road.(明亮的汽車前燈光吸引得那隻鹿停在公路中間。)
Sports have great attraction for most boys. (運動對多數男孩子有很大的吸引力。)
calculation【calculate vt.計算;預測;認為;打算】
n.計算;計算結果
Our first calculation was wrong,but the second was correct.(我們第一次得數是錯誤的,第二次是對的。)
collection 【collect vt.收集;募捐】
n.收集物,收藏品
Our library has a large collection of books.(我們的圖書館藏書量很大。)
fascination【fascinate v.使著迷,使神魂顛倒;(尤指蛇)以眼神震懾(人或動物),使無法動彈】
n.迷戀,強烈愛好
The girl's fascination with television programms worried her parents very much. (那小女孩迷上了電視節目,父母大為擔憂。)