考研英語完型填空題會直接考查語法知識;考研英語閱讀理解題和英譯漢中有大量的長難句,這些句子只有具備一定的語法知識才能正確分析;考研英語作文中要寫出正確無誤的句子,也需要語法知識。這部分基礎如果欠缺,其它的綜合能力提高起來將會很慢,所以所有考生都務必重視考研語法的複習。下面為大家分享:「2021考研英語語法基礎知識點講解:定語從句」。
一、概念
定語從句的概念,在複合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
例如: 1) The man who lives next to us is a fool.
2) You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.
上面兩句中的the man和the house是定語從句所修飾的詞,叫先行詞,定語從句放在先行詞的後面。
二、關係詞(連接詞)
1.關係代詞引導的定語從句
引導定語從句的關係詞有關係代詞:that, which, who (賓格whom, 所有格whose) 和關係副詞where, when, why。關係詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起連接作用,同時還做定語從句的一個成分。
2.關於that, which的用法注意點
1)只能用that,不用which作為定語從句關係代詞的情況
a)不定代詞,如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞
There is nothing that I can do.
I mean the one that was bought yesterday.
b)先行詞有the only, the very, the same, the last修飾
This is the very book that I want to find.
The last place that I visited was the hospital.
c)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時
This is the first composition that he has written in English.
d)先行詞既有人,又有物時
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
2)不用that, 只用which的情況
a)引導非限定性定語從句時which
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b)介詞後用which
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
3.關係副詞引導的定語從句
關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)先行詞是表示地點名詞時(country, school, room…),而關係詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當地點狀語,一般用where引導定語從句。也可以用介詞+which的結構。值得注意的是which前的介詞選擇是根據先行詞與介詞的搭配關係而定。
Beijing is the place in which (=where) I was born.
He wants to find the place in which (=where) he lived forty years ago.
2)先行詞是表示時間名詞時(year, month, day, night…),而關係詞代替先行詞在定語
從句中充當時間狀語,一般用when引導定語從句。也可以用介詞+which的結構。值得注意的是when前的介詞選擇是根據先行詞與介詞的搭配關係而定。
His father died that year in which (=when) he was born.
I cannot forget the first day on which (=when) my family moved into the city.
3)先行詞是the reason,而關係詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當原因狀語,一般用why引導定語從句。也可以用for + which的結構。
Is this the reason for which (why) he refused our offer?
但是這裡要指出的是,如果介詞和Which搭配在一起並不表示以上三種意思,則我們只能保留介詞+Which的形式。如 I know English in which I wrote the love letter.
4.判斷關係代詞與關係副詞
方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要
求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。
以上就是為大家分享的「2021考研英語語法基礎知識點講解:定語從句 」文章,考研英語語法複習起來應該有所側重,必須有針對性,否則死扣考研英語語法,不但浪費時間,也不一定能有很好的效果。提醒考生在複習語法過程中要注意以下幾個方面:有一本正規的語法書、重點掌握句法、以真題為依託。希望大家能在考研英語中考出高分。