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such as用法詳解
一、such as 的七個用法
1. 表示舉例,such as 意為「例如,諸如此類的,像……那樣的」,相當於like或for example。如:
Animals such as rabbits and deer continue to be active all winter,finding food wherever they can .
像兔和鹿這樣的動物整個冬天都是很活躍的,它們到處尋找食物。
用於此義時的幾點說明:
(1) 這類結構既可表現為「名詞+such as+例子」,也可表現為「such+名詞+as+例子」。如:
I enjoy songs such as this one.= I enjoy such songs as this one.
我喜歡像這首歌一樣的歌。
(2) 若 such as 後接動詞,通常用動名詞,有時也可用動詞原形。如:
Don't do anything silly such as marry him.
不要做什麼蠢事,比如說去嫁給他。
(3) 不要按漢語意思將such as 用作such like。
(4) such as 後不可列出前面所提過的所有東西。如:
正:I know four languages, such as Japanese and English.
我懂四種語言,如日語、英語。
誤:I know four languages, such as Chinese, French, Japanese and English. 我懂四種語言,如漢語、法語、日語和英語。
(5) 在現代英語中,such as可與etc. 連用。如:
They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers,etc.
他們種了許多種花,如玫瑰花、向日葵等。
2. such as 表示「像……這樣的」,其中的 as 用作關係代詞,引導定語從句,as 在定語從句中用作主語或賓語。此外,不要按漢語意思把該結構中的 as 換成like。如:
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他並不像他看起來那麼傻。
Such men as he (is) are rare now.
現在像他這樣的人很少了。
3. such as 表示「凡是……的人(或事物)」、「所有……的人(事物)」,其意相當於 everything that, all those, those that (who)等。其中的 such 為先行詞,as 為關係代詞。如:
Take such (things) as you need.
你需要什麼就拿什麼。
You may choose such as you prefer.
你可挑選自己想要的東西。
4. 有時 such as 整個兒用作關係代詞,用以引導定語從句。如:
We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had.
我們本來希望給你一個別人從未有過的機會。
Then I left it,feeling a weight at my heart such as I had never had before.
然後我離開那裡,心頭感到一種前所未有的沉重心情。
5. 用於 such…as to do sth,表示結果,其中的such為限定語,as to do sth 表示結果。如:
It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house.
聲音很大,屋裡的所有人都被吵醒了。
You shouldn't put such high prices as to frighten your customers off.
你不應該要價這麼高,以致把顧客都嚇跑了。
6. 用於such as to do sth,表示程度或結果。其中的such是代詞,as to do sth引出的結構作程度狀語或結果狀語。如:
Her illness was not such as to cause anxiety.
她的病不是很重,不必擔心。
7. 用於 such as it is 構成習語,表示讓步,意思是「儘管不怎麼好」「儘管不一定正確」「儘管沒什麼價值或重要性」。如:
The food, such as it is, is plentiful.
食物不是很好,但量很多。
You may use my bike, such as it is.
儘管我的自行車不好,你可以將就著用吧。
二、such as 與其他相似結構的區別
such…as與such…that
such ... as 前者用於引導定語從句,such ... that 後者用於引導結果狀語從句。如:
I've never heard such stories as he tells.
我從未聽過他講那樣的故事。
It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.
天氣很冷,街上沒有一個人。
試比較:
He is such a good teacher as we all respect.
他是一位我們大家都尊敬的好老師。(as引導的是定語從句,as 在該定語從句中用作respect的賓語)
He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.
他是那樣一位好老師,以致於我們大家都尊敬他。(that 引導的是結果狀語從句,that在該狀語從句中不充當句子成分,另外注意句中的respect帶有賓語him)