過去分詞短語作狀語時表示的動作是主語動作的一部分，與謂語表示的動作或狀態幾乎是同時發生，或是先於謂語動詞的動作發生，它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。過去分詞作狀語一般都用逗號同其它成分隔開，常表時間，條件，原因，方式，伴隨，讓步等含義，相當於一個狀語從句。
1.作時間狀語相當於when引導的從句，通常放於句首。例如：
Seen from the top of the hill (= When the city is seen from the top of the hill), the city looks more beautiful.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.入黨以後，他決定獻身於黨的事業。
2. 作條件狀語相當於if, unless引導的從句，一般放在句首。例如：
Given more attention (= If it is given more attention), the accident could have been avoided.
Given another chance, he will do better.再給他一次機會，他會做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你應該更加努力學習英語。
If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加熱，會變成水蒸氣。
3. 作原因狀語相當於because, as, since引導的從句，多放於句首。例如：
Scolded (=As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來從事鬥爭。
4.作方式或伴隨狀語時，一般不能用狀語從句替換，但可以轉換成並列分句或非限制性定語從句，可位於句首或句尾。例如：
Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. (= The professor was surrounded by his students and sat there cheerfully.)
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進了房間。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問題。
5. 作讓步狀語相當於though, if引導的從句，常放在句首。例如：
Tired(= Though he was tired), the worker went on working.
Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 儘管已經跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續追趕著那個強盜。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.儘管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續他的研究。
6.過去分詞(短語)作狀語時，有時為了強調，前面可帶連詞when, while, if, though, as if, unless, until等，以便使句意更清楚。例如：
If given more time, they would have done it better.
II. 過去分詞短語作定語
過去分詞作定語時，表示完成和被動的意義。
過去分詞作定語的位置：
1.單個的過去分詞作定語，絕大部分情況下放在所修飾的名詞前。例如：
an excited boy; boiled water.但有時為了強調，也可放在所修飾的名詞後。例如：
I want to change the material used.
下列不及物動詞也以過去分詞形式做定語或表語，但不具有被動意義，這點要注意：
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
如果被修飾的詞是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所構成的不定代詞或指示代詞those時，單個的過去分詞也要放在被修飾詞之後。例如：Is there anybody injured?
2.過去分詞短語作定語時放在所修飾的名詞後，作用相當於定語從句。例如：
He is reading a novel written (= which was written) by Lu Xun.
Some of the people invited (= who have been invited) to the party can’t come.
過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前後用逗號隔開。如：
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.這些書是魯迅寫的，受到了許多中國人民的喜愛。
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 這次會議獲得很大的成功，共有一千個學生出席了。
過去分詞常表示動作發生的時間早於謂語動詞,或者沒有時間性,只表示被動關係.如:
The question discussed is very important.被討論過的問題是很重要的.(既表被動又表完成)
I don't like to see letters written in pencil.我不喜歡看用鉛筆寫的信.(沒有一定的時間性,只表被動)
過去分詞短語作定語有三種時態：表示動作已發生;表示動作將要發生;表示動作正在發生。對比以下三句：
The building built last year is very beautiful.
The building being built will be completed next month.
The building to be built will be a hospital.
III、過去分詞作表語
過去分詞作表語，表示主語的性質、特徵或狀態。
用作表語的過去分詞，被動意味很弱，主要表示動作的完成和狀態。此時的過去分詞相當於一個形容詞，其後常不跟 by 短語。如：
The glass is broken. 玻璃破了。
Our classroom is crowded. 我們的教室很擁擠。
The ground is covered with snow. 地上覆蓋著雪。
註：被動語態的過去分詞，動作意義很強，句子主語為動作的承受者，後常跟「 by+ 施動者」。如：
The glass was broken by Jack. 玻璃是傑克打破的。
The windows were closed by Li Ming last night. 昨天夜裡是李明關的窗。
表示感覺的一些過去分詞 (surprised, disappointed, excited, pleased 等 ) 及其他一些過去分詞( dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known, married, bent, recovered, separated 等)常可用作表語，表示狀態。其中有些只表狀態，毫無被動意義。如：
I found that I was lost. 我發現我迷路了。
Those days are passed and gone 那些日子一去不復返了。
He is dead drunk. 他喝得爛醉。
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