2016託福綜合寫作解題過程講解

　　託福作文也需要不斷的練習與積累，為了幫助考生們更加有效的備考託福，教育優選為大家提供「2016託福綜合寫作解題過程講解」，希望考生們能有所收穫。

　　以下用TPO29的託福綜合寫作為例為大家詳解託福綜合寫作的解題全過程，希望對大家備考託福寫作有幫助。

　　閱讀內容：

　　Large numbers of dinosaur fossils have been discovered in deposits on Alaska’s North Slope, a region that today experiences an extremely cold, arctic climate. One hundred million years ago, when those dinosaurs were alive, the environment of the North Slope was already inhospitable, especially during the winter when it experienced several months of total darkness. How did the dinosaurs survive the wintertime? Paleontologists have proposed that one of the most common North Slope dinosaurs, the elephant-sized Edmontosaur (Edmontosaurus), survived the winter by migrating south to more hospitable regions. Several arguments support the migration hypothesis.

　　現今經歷極寒，擁有北極氣候的阿拉斯加北坡，發掘出了大量恐龍化石。一億年以前，當這些恐龍依然存活的時候，北坡環境就已然不宜生物居住了，尤其在冬季，北坡經歷著長達數月的黑暗。當時的恐龍是如何在那裡的冬季生存下來的?以當時最常見的北坡恐龍——一種大象般大小的埃德蒙頓龍為例，古生物學家做出了如此假設：埃德蒙頓龍依靠遷徙至南部更宜居的區域來度過北坡的冬季。對於以上假說，有如下幾點論據。

　　First, the Edmontosaur diet supports the migration hypothesis. Edmontosaurus fed exclusively on plants. Since there would have been no plants growing during the cold and dark North Slope winter, it appears that the Edmontosaur must have left for at least part of the year and migrated to more temperate zones to find food.

　　首先，埃德蒙頓龍的食譜支持了遷徙說。埃德蒙頓龍僅以植物為食。由於在寒冷而黑暗的冬天，北坡並無植物生長，埃德蒙頓龍勢必在一年中的部分時間離開北坡，遷徙至更溫暖的區域覓食。

　　Second, many Edmontosaur skeletons have been unearthed from the same site. This suggests that Edmontosaurs lived in herd. Many modern-day migratory animals, such as caribou and buffalo, live and migrate in herds as well. Moving in herds helps animals coordinate their migration. The finding that Edmontosaurs lived in herds further supports the migration hypothesis.

　　第二，許多埃德蒙頓龍骨架在相同的地點被發掘出了。這顯示埃德蒙頓龍屬於群居生物。許多現今存在的遷徙動物，比如馴鹿和水牛，也是成群結隊遷徙的。成群移動能夠幫助動物們在遷徙過程中更加協調一致。埃德蒙頓龍屬群居動物這一發現，支持了遷徙說。

　　Finally, Edmontosaurs were physically capable of migrating long distances. To reach more hospitable regions, the Edmontosaur had to migrate about 1,600 kilometers southward. To make such a journey, the Edmontosaur needed to move at about five kilometers per hour for several weeks, which certainly could do. These animals could run very fast, reaching speeds up to 45 kilometers per hour. It could have easily used its locomotive power to move to warmer climate during the harsh arctic winter.

　　最後，埃德蒙頓龍的生理構造能夠支持它們的長途遷徙。為了到達更加宜居的區域，埃德蒙頓龍必須朝南遷移1600公裡。為了完成這一旅程，埃德蒙頓龍需要以每小時5公裡的速度奔徙數周，當然，這些對於它們而言都不是事兒。埃德蒙頓龍奔跑的速度很快，接近每小時45公裡。在嚴酷的北極冬季裡，埃德蒙頓龍可以輕易地憑藉其移動能力遷至溫暖的氣候環境中去。

　　聽力內容：

　　The hypothesis that the Edmontosaur migrated every winter is not convincing.

　　First, the Edmontosaur did not have to migrate to find food. One hundred million years ago, the summer temperatures in the North Slope area were warmer than they are today. And remember, in arctic regions like the North Slope, the Sun shines 24 hours a day at the peak of the summer. The warm temperatures and extensive daylight created incredibly good growing conditions for plants, so much vegetation was produced during the summer that when the vegetation died as the winter came, there was a lot of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter. The Edmontosaur could have easily lived on the dead plant matter during the winter.

　　Second, just because Edmontosaurs lived in herds doesn’t mean they migrated. Animals live in herds for many other reasons. Living in herds, for example, provides animals with extra protection from predators. Having extra protection is useful even for the animals that live in the same area the whole year around. A modern example of this is the Roosevelt elk—a large plant-eater. Roosevelt elks live in the forests of the western United States. They live in herds but they do not migrate.

　　Third, although adult Edmontosaurs were capable of migrating long distances, what about Edmontosaurs that were not yet adults? Juvenile Edmontosaurs were not physically capable of travelling the great distances required to reach warmer territories and would have slowed the herd so much that the herd never would have made it to its destination. The herd could not have left the juveniles behind because the juveniles would not have survived on their own. So the whole herd had to stay where they were and survive on the cold North Slope.

　　滿分範文分享：

　　In the reading passage, the writer claim that Edmontosaurus had to migrate to hospitable places in the south, if they want to survive in the cold weather. The speaker, however, contradicts this view for the following three reasons.

　　First of all, the reading materials points out that it is difficult that Edmontosaurus can find food in cold winter because they were fed on plants exclusively. But the speaker refutes that warm weather in summer supplied perfect condition for plants to grow. So Edmontosaurus might found lots of nutritious dead vegetation around in the winter, which made migration unnecessary.

　　Second, unearthed skeletons from the same site indicated that Edmontosaurus lived in herds. Living in herds made migration much easy. But the lecture gives an example of Roosevelt elks to prove that group living might have various types of reasons. Edmontosaurus may live in herds in order to seek for extra protection. So living in herds could not provide evidence for migration claim.

　　Lastly, Edmontosaurus, in view of the writer, had the ability of long-distance movement. Although the lecturer admitted the locomotive capability of Edmontosaurus, she points out that juvenile Edmontosaurus were lack of such ability. So the herd would not leave juneniles behind in the North Slope, which strongly refutes the author’s claim.

　　用到的詞彙/詞組

　　migrate隨季節而移動，移居

　　hospitable環境舒適的

　　exclusively僅僅，唯一地

　　nutritious有營養地

　　vegetation植被，植物

　　live in herd群居

　　juvenile青少年的

　　arctic climate北極氣候

　　inhospitable不宜居住的

　　hypothesis假設

　　deposit沉積物

　　unearth發掘

　　at the peak of在…高峰期

　　migratory遷徙的

　　buffalo水牛

　　caribou北美馴鹿

　　coordinate使協調，配合

　　predator捕食者

　　feed on plant以植物為食

　　Roosevelt elk羅斯福麋鹿

　　temperate溫和的

　　leave…behind留下，丟棄

　　territory領地，地域

　　be capable of 能夠

　　live on 以…為食

　　elephant-sized 龐大的

　　綜合寫作語法知識講解：

　　1.The speaker, however, contradicts this view for the following three reasons.

　　翻譯：聽力中的教授，然而，卻用如下三個原因對這個觀點進行了反駁。

　　語法：簡單句。contradicts，謂語動詞，一般現在時。

　　2.Living in herds made migration much easy.

　　翻譯：群居使遷徙變得非常容易。

　　語法：簡單句。Living in herds，動名詞做主語。made，謂語動詞，過去時。

　　3.Animals live in herds for many other reasons.

　　翻譯：動物群居有很多種原因。

　　語法：簡單句。Animals ，主語。live ，謂語動詞，一般現在時。

　　4. So living in herds could not provide evidence for migration claim.

　　翻譯：所以群居不能為移居假說提供證據。

　　語法：living in herds，動名詞做主語。could not provide，謂語動詞。could，情態動詞，過去時。

　　5. Lastly, Edmontosaurus, in view of the writer, had the ability of long-distance movement.

　　翻譯：最後，埃德蒙頓龍，在作者看來，有遠距離移動的能力。

　　語法：簡單句。in view of the writer，插入語。Edmontosaurus，主語。had，謂語動詞，過去時。