今天這個講解內容較多,就做成文章+配例句視頻的形式了,省的大家聽一大段囉嗦(視頻在後面)。
apt是大學六級程度的詞彙,算是有一定難度,不過在日常生活中應用頗多。它第一個含義是「恰當的」。如果在英漢詞典裡搜「恰當的」,我們會得到好多個熟悉的詞:
proper ; fit ; appropriate ; suitable ; right……
網上有不少辨析這幾個詞的帖子,通常都說不到點上,因為都是在複述詞典,試圖從釋義裡找差異,而沒有從語感層面去把握。這些詞的確很多時候可以翻譯成「恰當」,但和apt相比,它們更多時候是「適當」。
所謂「適當」,就是不多不少、不偏不倚。
比如說"an appropriate description"和"an apt description",都可以翻譯成一個「恰當的描述」。但前者的潛臺詞是:這個描述「不偏不倚」,也就是不誇大不貶低,比較公允;後者的潛臺詞是:這個描述「恰如其分」,也就是那種"exactly"的感覺。
後面視頻裡會有兩段apt description的例句,來自《鋼鐵俠2》和《驚天魔盜團》。
當然,有時候這種語感層面的差別界限比較模糊,並不能像詞典裡那樣明確地定義。甚至連母語者也未必總能做出非黑即白的選擇——一個活的語言,魅力也正在於此。有的時候,apt也會做「適當」講——跟suitable、right意思差不多(見視頻:例句3——《星際迷航》)。
apt第二個詞義是易於…的/傾向於……的,或「可能會(經常做某事)的」。常用的形式是be apt to do sth或者be apt to be sth,比如:
The kitchen roof is apt to (= likely to) leak when it rains.下雨時廚房的屋頂容易漏水。She's in her eighties now and apt to be a little forgetful.她現在八十多歲了,容易忘事。
後面視頻裡會有來自《卡薩布蘭卡》和《大地驚雷》的例句。
最後apt還有第三個意思——(形容學生)「聰慧的」。這個用法比較正式老派,視頻裡只舉一個《迷魂記》的例句供參考。
好了,下面是例句視頻合集:
瀏覽器版本過低,暫不支持視頻播放
詞義註解:
apt
adj.1,恰當的a (most) apt description恰如其分的描述2,易於…的/傾向於...的/可能會(經常)(做某事)的be apt to do sthbe apt to be sth3,[正式](形容學生)聰慧的
例句原文:
恰當的:
Iron Man 2- Well, how would you describe your..? - I would describe it by defining it as what it is, sir.- As? - It's a high-tech prosthesis.- That is, that's actually the most apt description I could make of it.Now You See Me - What exactly is mentalism?- Tricks, mostly. Um, some science.- Targeted guessing might be a most apt description.- Along with some intuition and the occasional...- Voices in my head.
恰當/適當的:
Star Trek Into Darkness - Well, Kirk, it seems apt to return you to your crew.- After all, no ship should go down without her captain.柯克,看來該送你回到你的船員身邊了。畢竟,船長得跟自己的飛船共存亡。
容易/傾向於/有可能:
Casablanca- I recognize you from the news photographs, Monsieur Laszlo.- In a concentration camp, one is apt to lose a little weight.True Grit- We don't need him, do we Marshall?- Gonna miss his Sharps Carbine.- It's apt to get lively out here.
(形容學生)聰慧的:
Vertigo - Then what did he do? Did he train you? Did he rehearse you?- Did he tell you exactly what to do, what to say?- You were a very apt pupil, too, weren't you?- Why did you pick on me? Why me?- Your accident!