1-1 美洲獅是一種體形似貓的大型動物，產於美洲。
Pumas are large, cat-like animals {which are found in America}.
詞彙學知識
crystal-like eyes 水晶般明亮的眼睛
a baby-like face 稚嫩的臉龐
steel-like muscles 堅實的肌肉
a home-like inn 溫馨的旅館
a dream-like experience 夢幻般的一次經歷
life-like 栩栩如生、仿佛有生命一樣的
固定搭配
1-2當倫敦動物園接到報告說，在倫敦以南45英裡處發現一隻美洲獅時，這些報告並沒有受到重視。
{When reports came into London Zoo [that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London]}, they were not taken seriously.
生詞學習
I spot someone coming out of the building.
A tall man is easy to spot in the crowd. 個子高的人很容易在人群中認出來。
He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 他很善於發現問題。
I can't spot the difference between them. 我看不出兩者的區別。
補充：同義辨析
see: 最常用
find：強調發現的結果
find out：查出事實真相
discover：做出重大發現
notice：注意到
observe：觀察 （書面語）
watch：觀察活動中的人或畫面
spot 發現一些不容易看到，正在尋找的東西
補充：其他用法
spot n. 現場；斑點
The leopard cannot change his spots. 江山易移本性難移。
短語學習
I always take your suggestions seriously.我總是認真對待你的建議。
Don’t take him seriously. He was just joking. 別把他的話當真哦，他只是開玩笑而已。Do you take seriously his prediction of a government defeat? 他預計政府要受挫折，你認為這話靠得住麼？
補充：反義表達
take sth. lightly 草率地對待某事 （lightly adv.輕率地）
英語句法
如：
I suddenly had a great idea= A great idea suddenly came to/occur to/hit/strike me.
The thought suddenly came to me that I had forgotten to take my wallet.
When did the case come into the public eye? 公眾是合適開始關注這個案子？
How had this picture come into the possession of the press? 這張照片是怎麼落到媒體手中的？
另外，本句有同位語從句分隔的語法現象。That引導的同位語從句先行詞是report,但是同位語從句和其先行詞中間被謂語動詞came into London Zoo分隔開，主要是為了句子結構的平衡，將比較長的同位語從句移到句子最後。
更多例子
News got around that a comedy show would be presented in our local cinema.(新2，L89)
註：south of=to the south of
to/on/in the+ 方位+ of….
表示離某地某個方位多少距離以外的表達：「數字+表示距離的度量衡單位+方位（east/west/south/north/southwest/northeast…）+of+地點的名詞」
a seaside town 99 km south of London倫敦以南99公裡的海濱城鎮
1-3 可是，隨著證據越來越多，動物園的專家們感到有必要進行一番調查，因為凡是聲稱見到過美洲獅的人們所描述的情況竟是出奇地相似。
However, {as the evidence began to accumulate}, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, {for the descriptions (given by people [who claimed to have seen the puma]) were extraordinarily similar}.
生詞學習
註：可以表示某種東西越來越多，替換more and more
~fortune/experience/knowledge/wealth/rubbish
We've accumulated so much rubbish over the years. 這些年我們積累了太多的垃圾。
By working hard you may accumulate a fortune. 你可以通過努力工作來積累財富。
The job gives him a chance to accumulate precious experience. 這份工作給了他積累了寶貴的經驗的機會。
Police have been accumulating evidence. 警方 一直在搜集證據。
(2) vi. 數量的逐步增加
Evidence against him is accumulating. 不利於他的證據越來越多。
Debts began to accumulate. 債務越來越重。
Lead can accumulate in the body until toxic levels are reached. 鉛會在體內增多直至造成鉛中毒。
補充：同義辨析
Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某處
The teacher gathered his students in the class
Collect vt.搜集, 採集
Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby.（n.業餘愛好）
Assemble v.集合, 集會 / 裝配
A large number of people assemble on the square.
Hoard vt.大量的儲存 （-- hoard up = store up 儲藏）
The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter （squirrel n.松鼠）（nut n.堅果）
amass vt.積聚（主要用於詩歌和文學作品）
The clouds amassed above the hills
oblige sb. to do sth.
Her job obliges her to work overtime. 她 的工作性質迫使她必須加班。
The concern for public safety obliges the experts to investigate. 出於對公眾安全的考慮，專家們不得不進行調查。
Sb. be/feel obliged to do sth 感覺有必要做某事
I feel obliged to say no to his demand. 我感到有必要拒絕他的要求。
They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off. 他們被迫賣掉車來還債。
He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to give up work. 他受傷嚴重，不得已只好放棄工作。
補充：oblige 的常見用法
(1)施惠
He obliged me with a detailed account of the trip which I had missed. 我錯過了旅行，他很好意地詳細說了情形。
(2)感謝（用於被動語態）（語氣比較正式）
I shall be much obliged if you will kindly lend me your truck.
(3)做某事表示好意 vi.
Will you oblige with a song? 請你唱支歌好麼？
註：在作文中可以用claim替換think表達某人認為的觀點，注意其英文解釋「to say that something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it）。
He claims (that) he was not given a fair hearing. 他聲稱他未得到公正的申訴機會。
Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. 科學家宣布攻克癌症已有重大突破。
I don’t claim to be an expert. 我不敢自稱為專家。
It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week. 據說有些醫生每周工作80小時。
註：extraordinarily既可以表示某事出乎意料，也可以簡單表示程度深，替換very。
He behaves extraordinarily for someone in his position. 對他那種地位的人來說，他的行為很特別。
She did extraordinarily well. 她幹的特別好。
句子解析
The descriptions （given by people [who claimed to have seen the puma]） were extraordinarilysimilar.
分析：此句的主幹是「情況相似」，對應的英文是」Descriptions were similar.」 （基本結構：主系表）另外此中文句子有兩個前置定語：「人們描述的」修飾「情況」；「聲稱見到過美洲獅的」修飾「人們」。英語的定語如果比較長，一般放於句後，故而對應的英語表達一個是過去分詞引導的短語做後置定語given by people，一個是who引導的定語從句後置who claimed to have seen the puma.
2-1 搜尋美洲獅的工作是從一座小村莊開始的。那裡的一位婦女在採摘黑莓時的看見「一隻大貓」，離她僅5碼遠。
The hunt for the puma began in a small village {where a woman (picking blackberries) saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her}.
生詞學習
go on a deer/fox hunt
the hunt for the remains of the Titanic
hunt for the second-hand book 淘書
補充：同義辨析
search 搜尋某處為了尋找到某人或某物
-- The police were searching the forest for the missing boy.
run after 強調追趕, 追求
-- Look, a dog is running after a cat
-- what are you run after in your life
seek = pursue v.追尋(理想)
chase v.追趕
-- They are chasing a thief. / They are running after a thief.
固定搭配
(註：摘各類果子等的動詞搭配為pick)
句式句法
u 搜尋美洲獅的工作是從一座小村莊開始的。那裡的一位婦女在採摘黑莓時的看見「一隻大貓」，離她僅5碼遠。
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her.
分析：第一句話中文中的「一座小村莊」和第二句中的「那裡」是同一個地方，故而英文中將兩句中文合成一句，將第二句變成修飾a small village的定語從句， 從句關係副詞where既引導從句，又在從句中做表地點的狀語，表示「in a small village」。
提示：當中文中兩個句子擁有一個共同的名詞或名詞短語時，可以考慮將其中一個句子變成定語（定語從句或非謂語動詞引導的短語）。
分析：「picking blackberries」現在分詞短語做後置定語，修飾a woman。
分詞結構做後置定語——現在分詞做後置定語
一般來說現在分詞作定語都是來修飾動作發出者，過去分詞作定語修飾動作的承受著。
The birds flying in the air are very beautiful.
The birds caught by him are very beautiful.
The man playing cards is the boss here. （The man who is playing cards is the boss here. ）
The man driving the car is my father.
2-2 她剛看見它，它就立刻逃走了。專家證實，美洲獅除非被逼得走投無路，是決不會傷人的。
It immediately ran away {when she saw it}, and experts confirmed {that a puma will not attack a human being [unless it is cornered]}.
地道表達
be politically/financially/emotionally cornered 陷入了政治/經濟/感情危機
The police cornered the suspect in a dead end. 警方將嫌疑人逼進了一條死胡同裡。
If cornered, the snake will defend itself. 蛇在被逼得走投無路時會自衛。
Some beggars cornered us for money. 一群乞丐硬纏著我們要錢。
The problem cornered me.
He was cornered as the deadline was drawing near.隨著截止日期的臨近，他變得走投無路。
補充：其他用法
corner n. 角落
around the corner 就快到了；就在附近；
drive sb. into a tight corner 把某人逼入死角
「在拐角處」
in the corner of the room 表示在立體裡面的角落，如牆角
at the corner of the street 表示在立體外面的角落，如開在外面牆角的花
on the corner of the desk 表示在平面上的角落，如放在桌角的杯子
轉角遇到愛，相信奇蹟的出現。Coming across my lover at the corner of the street, I believe in what's called miracle.
2-3 事實上搜尋工作很困難，因為常常是早晨在甲地發現那隻美洲獅，晚上卻在20英裡外的乙地發現它的蹤跡。
The search proved difficult, {for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning andat another place twenty miles away in the evening}.
固定搭配
（註：表示在某個地方place 和at 搭配（at one place; at another place）
註：表示多長距離外或離……有多遠，英語固定搭配是「數字+表距離的度量衡+away」）
句式句法
分析：此句的句子基本結構是「主系表」。Prove可以做謂語動詞表示「證明」，也可以做系動詞linking verb表示「一段時間後被發現是；最終顯現為(一般與以前的預想不一樣)」（相當於turn out）。
更多例子：
The opposition proved too strong for him. (後接形容詞做表語) 這個對手過於強勁，使他難以招架。
Shares in the industry proved a poor investment. （後接名詞作表語）事實表明投資這個行業的股票是一個失敗。
The promotion proved to be a turning point in his career. (後接帶to的不定式做表語) 這次提升最後證明是他職業生涯的一個轉折點。
2-4 無論它走哪兒，一路上總會留下一串死鹿及死兔子之類的小動物，
{Wherever it went}, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
地道表達
The police trailed the criminal to the place where he was hiding
「一串」 a trail of
註：trail 做量詞時，指（長串的）痕跡，蹤跡，足跡
英語中量詞很豐富，平時要注意積累和不同不可數名詞搭配的量詞。
A trail of blood一連串血跡
Tourists leave a trail of litter everywhere they go. 遊客亂扔垃圾。
The hurricane left a trail of destruction behind it. 颶風過後滿目瘡痍。
句式句法
註：-ever(whoever; whatever…)表示無條件假設，「無論」
Wherever ==not matter where
Wherever you go, my heart will go with you.
Wherever we go, whatever we do, we will be friends forever.
Whenever=not matter when
I prefer to driving a car for I can stop whenever I want.
Whatever=not matter what（常引導主語從句）
He is so rich that he can buy whatever he wants. Help yourself to whatever you want.
Whatever happens, you know that I'll stand by you.
However=not matter how
However you like the Life of Pie, I just feel it so-so.
However hard I try, I can’t remember people’s names.
It left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
分析：句中behind it這個結構前置，正常語序應該是It left a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits behind it. 因為It left和behind it中間的left的賓語「a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits」很長，故而句子為「大肚子」，不符合英語表達習慣，所以把behind it前置。
把某物留在後面：leave behind
仿寫1：Wherever he went, he left behind him a trail of blood.（n.血blood）HK
仿寫2：The bus left a trail of black smoke behind it.
仿寫3：Some tourists often leave a trail of litter behind them wherever they go.
We should leave behind a clean world for the future generations. 我們應該給後代留下一個乾淨的地球。
The most miserable thing in life is that you leave behind lots of money after your death!
2-5 在許多地方看見爪印，灌木叢中發現了粘在上面的美洲獅毛。
Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.
地道表達
cling （on） to sth./sb.= stick to
His wet shirt clung to his body. 他的溼襯衫粘在衣服上。
The smell of smoke still clung to her clothes. 煙味仍附著在她的衣服上不散。
He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他一直懷有成功的希望。
She is always clinging to her mother. 她很依戀自己的母親。
a large/huge number of 「許多」
註：後跟可數名詞複數，表示「數量多」，用來替換a lot of或者many。
A large number of people have applied for the job. 許多人申請了這工作。
Huge numbers of animals have died. (number用複數強調特別多very many) 有大量動物死去。
A number of problems have arisen. 已經出現了一些問題。
句子解析
Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.
分析：同樣是看見，文中用了不同的表達來避免重複：spot; observe; see; find
分析：clinging to bushes是現在分詞短語做主補，補充說明主語puma fur的狀態。
find +賓語+賓語不足語（名詞；形容詞；副詞；現在分詞短語；過去分詞短語；不定式）是一個非常實用而簡潔的句型，表示主語發現賓語處於某種狀況/具備某種特定/在做某件事情。本句是該句型的被動表達。
分析：被動句式是對事實的陳述，強調結果和已經產生的影響；主動句式則是突出強調行動的發出行 者，意在突出主體。
補充：英文表達方式習慣用被動語態突出客觀事實，中文則善於運用動作的主體。（翻譯成中文的時候常常不用『被』，而是補出主語。很多時候，漢語的「被」有「遭受」的意味，有負面感情色彩。
2-6 有人抱怨說夜裡聽見「像貓一樣的叫聲」；一位商人去釣魚，看見那隻美洲獅在樹上。
Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.
生詞學習
He complained of a headache. 他述說自己頭疼的情形。
補充：其他搭配
complain about the weather 抱怨
固定搭配
（註：on + 名詞：強調動作正在進行 on the rise:在上升 on the increase: 在增加 on the watch: 在觀看 on the match:在比賽中 on the fishing trip:在釣魚的途中 on holiday: 在度假）
句子解析
分析：此句的基本結構是 「主語+謂語+賓語+賓補」（A businessman saw the puma up a tree（賓補）.）感官動詞see接賓語補足語，大家熟悉的是see sb. do sth. (看見某人做過某事)；see sb. doing sth.(看見某人正在做某事)， 但是不熟悉介詞短語做see賓補的情況。
在英語的五種基本句型中，中國學習者最不熟悉的就是「主語+謂語+賓語+賓補」，但是此句型確實在地道英語中非常常見的，且可以很好簡化句子和使句式多樣化。
2-7 專家們如今已經完全肯定那隻動物就是美洲獅，但它是從哪兒來的呢？
The experts were now fully convinced {that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from}?
地道表達
convince sb of sth (可用於替換make sb. believe sth.)
I convince him of my honesty. 我使他相信我的誠實。
be convinced that… (可用於替換believe)
I am convinced that she is honest girl.
2-8 由於全國動物園沒有一家報告丟了美洲獅，因此那隻美洲獅一定是某位私人收藏豢養的，不知怎麼設法逃出來了。
{As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country}, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape.
生詞學習
註：in the possession of 可以替代have; own; possess等，表示擁有，屬於……的財產。在英語中，用介詞短語代替動詞表達動態概念是非常常見的。
「我有一輛漂亮的車。」
The beautiful car is in my possession.
The beautiful car is in the possession of me.
I am in possession of the beautiful car.
I take possession of the beautiful car.
註：possession表示「擁有」時是不可數名詞，無複數形式；而表示「個人財產；私人物品」時是可數名詞，常用複數。如：personal possessions 私人物品
In the struggle, the strap broke and, with the bag in their possession, both men started running through the trees. (新2：L44 )
The information in my possession is strictly confidential. 我掌握的情報絕對機密。
The manuscript is just one of the treasure in their possession. 這部手稿只是他們的珍藏之一。
The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel. 出國旅行必須持有護照。
補充：同義辨析
Somewhat adv.稍微, 有點, 有些 （= a little）
The price is somewhat higher than I expect.（high adj.高的）
I』ll get the book back somehow. 無論如何我要把這本書取回來。
I got lost somehow. 不知怎麼搞地, 我迷失了。
句式句法
分析：must have been 對過去的肯定猜測。
Must +v. 對現在的肯定猜測；must have done 對過去的肯定猜測；
Cannot + v. 對現在的否定猜測；cannot have done 對過去的否定猜測
英語中表示猜測不一定只有may或may not; must和cannot等構成的句型也可以表示猜測。
2-9 搜尋工作進行了好幾個星期，但始終未能逮住那隻美洲獅。
The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught.
短語學習
此表達在這裡表示某事物/情況持續或者佔用了多少時間；可以替換last; It took some time to do sth.
This cannot be allowed to go on. 絕不允許這種情況繼續下去。
How much longer will this hot weather go on for? 這種炎熱的天氣還會持續多久？
2-10 想到在寧靜的鄉村裡有一頭危險的野獸繼續逍遙流竄，真令人擔心。
It is disturbing to think {that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside}.
生詞學習
disturbing news 叫人不安的新聞
disturbing words 令人心神不寧的話語
補充：同義詞:worrying, upsetting;
補充：近義詞比較:
frightening, scaring：「嚇人的」（描述的情緒是非常清晰的，馬上可見的恐懼）
disturbing :（相對模糊的、潛在的不安，隱隱的不安，模糊的焦躁，不確定的危險）
例子：
1)a frightening ghost story 一則嚇人的鬼故事
2)a frightening mask of monster 一張嚇人的鬼臉面具
3)disturbing behavior of a 4-year-old boy 一個4歲男孩子做出的令人不安的行為
4)There is something disturbing in him that drives people away. 他身上有些令人不安的特質，他人往往不願意與他接近。
短語學習
The escaped prisoners are still at large. 逃犯還沒有落網。
補充：其他用法
at large 詳細地（= in detail）
I need talk to you at large
at large 總體來講（= as a whole）
The students at large are hungry for English.
句式句法
註：it是形式主語，to do 結構是句子真正的主語。根據尾重原則，真正的主語後置。
It’s disturbing/upset/disappointing/exciting/happy/amusing /amazing/shocking/frightening to think that想到…很讓人讓人不安/煩惱/失望/興奮/高興/發笑/吃驚/震驚/恐懼…
強調「非常」可以在前面加上very/extremely/extraordinarily
It is extraordinarily disturbing to think that I may fail in the final exam. 想到我期末考試可能不及格就我就很慌。
It’s extremely exciting to think that I』ll go to America next month. 想到下個月我要去美國了就興奮得不行。
It’s very frightening to think that the murderer is still at large. 想到殺人犯仍然逍遙法外就讓人恐懼不已。
It’s still amusing to think that I booked the wrong ticket last month. 想到上個月我訂錯票了仍然覺得很好笑。
補充：表示情感類的詞（excite; worry; interest等）一般有三種用法，以disturb為例。
(1)Sth. disturb sb. (disturb v.令人不安)
(2)sth. is disturbing. (disturbing adj.令人不安的)
(3)Sb. is disturbed at sth. (disturbed adj.感到不安的)
I always feel disturbed whenever I have important exams. Important exams are disturbing.
The escaped murder was still at large, which had disturbed us.