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2020年12月四級試卷仔細閱讀第二篇解析
鄭州學校 魏俊浩
整體評估
四級考試仔細閱讀細節題佔比很大，以本篇為例，五道題全是細節題，同學們可以遵循題文同序原則，先找題幹關鍵詞，然後定位原文，再對比選項與定位句，正確答案一般為原詞復現，近幾年同義替換較多，需要學生具備一定的詞彙和長難句的理解能力。
題目
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Forests in countries like Brazil and the Congo get a lot of attention from environmentalists, and it is easy to see why. South America and sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing deforestation on an enormous scale: every year almost 5 million hectares are lost. But forests are also changing in rich Western countries. They are growing larger, both in the sense that they occupy more and that the trees in them and bigger. What is going on?
Forests are spreading in almost all Western countries, with fastest growth in places that historically had rather few trees. In 1990 28% of Spain was forested; now the proportion is 37%. In both Greece and Italy, the growth was from 26% to 32% over the same period. Forests are gradually taking more and in America and Australia. Perhaps most astonishing is the trend in Ireland. Roughly 1% of that country was forested when it became independent in 1922. Forests cover 11% of the land, and the government wants to push the proportion to 18% by the 2040s.
Two things are fertilising this growth. The first is the abandonment of farmland, especially in high, dry places where nothing grows terribly well. When farmers give up trying to earn a living from farming or herding trees simply move in. The second is government policy and subsidy. Throughout history, governments have protected and promoted forests for diverse reasons, ranging from the need for wooden warships to a desire to promote suburban house-building. Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. The justifications change; the desire for more trees remains constant.
The greening of the West does not delight everyone. Farmers complain that land is being taken out of use by generously subsidised tree plantations. Parts of Spain and Portugal suffer from terrible forest fires. Others simply dislike the appearance of forests planted in neat rows. They will have to get used to the trees, however. The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.
51. What is catching environmentalists』 attention nowadays?
A) Rich countries are stripping poor ones of their resources.
B) Forests are fast shrinking in many developing countries.
C) Forests are eating away the fertile farmland worldwide.
D) Rich countries are doing little to address deforestation.
52. Which countries have the fastest forest growth?
A) Those that have newly achieved independence.
B) Those that at have the greatest demand for timber
C) Those that used to have the lowest forest coverage.
D) Those that provide enormous government subsidies.
53. What has encouraged forest growth historically?
A) The government’s advocacy.
B) The use of wood for fuel.
C) The favorable climate.
D) The green movement.
54. What account for our increasing desire for forests?
A) Their unique scenic beauty.
B) Their use as fruit plantation.
C) Their capability of improving air quality.
D) Their stable supply of building materials.
55. What does the author conclude about the prospects of forestation?
A) Deserts in sub-Saharan Africa will diminish gradually.
B) It will play a more and more important role in people’s lives.
C) Forest destruction in the developing world will quickly slow down.
D) Developed and developing countries are moving in opposite direction.
答案解析
B項正確。細節題，根據題幹catching environmentalists』 attention nowadays可以定位到第一段的第一句，但是第一段並沒有具體說森林的問題，後面幾句提到南美和非洲的的森林減少，西歐森林面積增多。符合原文表述的只有B。A中發達國家剝削髮展中國家的資源屬於無中生有；C中存在世界範圍內的森林佔據耕地現象也是無中生有；D中發達國家無所作為明顯與原文相反，屬於正反混淆錯誤。
C項正確。細節題，根據the fastest forest growth可以定位到第二段第一句，文中historically had rather few trees的國家增長最快。C項used to have the lowest forest coverage這一表述與原文相符；A項have newly achieved independence是幹擾項，文中提到愛爾蘭1922年獨立，但並不是 newly achieved independence，而且也不能用一個特例代替普遍現象；B項 have the greatest demand for timber屬於無中生有；D項中that provide enormous government subsidies在後文有提及，但是與最快增長無關。
A正確。根據encouraged forest growth historically可以定位到第三段第一句Two things are fertilising this growth.本段提到兩個原因，一個是the abandonment of farmland，一個是government policy and subsidy，根據題幹historically一詞，第二個原因是正確答案，A表述與原文一致，故選擇A。BCD都屬於無中生有。
C正確。根據our increasing desire for forests，定位到第3段倒數第二句Nowadays forests are increasingly welcome because they suck in carbon pollution from the air. 題幹問原因，我們選擇because後同意表述的內容即可，C和原文表述一致，ABD為無中生有。
55.D正確。題幹問the prospects of forestation，根據題文同序原則在最後一段中尋找，最後一段最後一句The growth of Western forests seems almost as unstoppable as deforestation elsewhere.很明顯是預期，跟開頭呼應，西方森林增多，其他地區森林減少。AC項原文未提及，B像表述籠統。只有D符合原文表述。
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