專業醫藥雜誌《家庭醫藥Home Medicine》2020年第五期刊登了世衛組織專家譚德塞博士論文，題為「靈芝七種主要成份及抗癌作用研究」。據雜誌負責人介紹，這是譚德塞博士首次用中文發表專業研究成果。譚德塞博士指出，癌症患者在常規治療同時服用靈芝提取物(GLE)，生活質量得到改善，生存期得以延長。靈芝提取物(GLE)主要含有與子實體相似的三萜和多糖，這是靈芝GLE抗癌活性的最主要化學成分。
譚德塞博士研究的目的是闡明GLE的化學成分生物學活性的影響，並確定其作為單一物質在各種腫瘤細胞模型中的療效。譚德塞博士對靈芝GLE七種最豐富的成份進行結構解析，證明這些化合物(包括三萜和甾醇)在各種癌症模型中的體外療效。
圖2 實驗採用華人堂國際集團出品的靈芝孢子油膠囊(500mg)作為樣品
為了驗證其研究成果，譚德塞博士採用華人堂國際集團出品的靈芝孢子油膠囊(500mg)作為實驗樣品，通過細胞培養、細胞活力測定、細胞周期分析、細胞死亡檢測和遷移和入侵分析等實驗步驟。
圖3 譚德塞博士論文節選
華人堂國際集團研究院解讀
據華人堂國際集團研究院負責人介紹，華人堂國際集團一直與世衛組織保持良好的合作關係，香港實驗室長期與世衛組織共享，譚德塞博士的實驗材料正是選自華人堂國際集團香港實驗室。
靈芝的抗癌機制研究已有多年，目前中國大陸的研究成果較為豐富，日本、德國、美國也有不少學者進行了深入的研究，具不完全統計，已有超過1000名研究人員發表了5000餘篇有關的論文、論著。但是世衛高級別的論文發表還是首次，也彰顯了這一研究領域的重要性和樂觀前景。
譚德塞博士的論文「靈芝七種主要成份及抗癌作用研究」是一個標誌，是中藥研究國際化、科學化、現代化的一個裡程牌事件，可能對未來製藥的發展產生深遠影響。眾所周知，現代製藥工業以化學合成為主，藥物機制清晰可溯，但是毒副作用也非常明顯，傳統中藥以草本熬製為主，基於非數理化的醫藥理論，與現代科學理念格格不入，但是往往具有一定的療效。
探索草本中的藥物機制，成了現代研究者孜孜不倦的追求，「青蒿素」的成功研製打開了新的大門，確定細胞靶點是闡明藥物作用機制的關鍵步驟，藥物作用機制的傳統理解是藥物通過修飾一個或多個特定的細胞靶標, 如蛋白質, 從而對下遊通路產生影響。然而, 青蒿素快速、有效和使靶標蛋白烷基化的特性源自於另一種完全不同的作用機制。與大多數傳統藥物 (包括大多數抗瘧藥) 不同, 青蒿素的作用靶標不是單一蛋白質或細胞功能, 而是像一顆「炸彈」, 在激活後引爆, 造成廣泛性的損害。因此, 可以認為青蒿素的特異性是基於其活性而不是其靶點。青蒿素的這些特性使其成為對抗瘧疾的最理想武器, 特別是和其他機制迥異卻能與青蒿素產生互補作用的藥物聯合使用時。多重靶標藥物的另一個明顯優勢是不易形成耐藥性, 原因是少數靶標的突變不足以對藥物活性產生嚴重影響。這一優勢也很好地解釋了青蒿素在長達幾十年的廣泛應用中仍能保持藥物活性的原因。
譚德塞博士提出的靈芝抗癌作用研究與青蒿素有異曲同工之處，闡述了靈芝中含量最豐富的七種化學成份結構及其在癌症模型中的作用。實驗結果表明，分離出的GLE化合物在多個癌細胞系中顯示出生物活性，具有不同程度的效力。EP作為GLE的單組分，是最具生物活性的癌細胞抗侵襲化合物，EC50值在低濃度範圍內，在正常細胞中具有豐富的治療指標。GA-01和EP不通過抑制蛋白質合成而對增殖起作用，細胞死亡是由caspase激活通過癌症依賴機制(如AKT-pro生存途徑)的調節介導的。譚德塞博士的實驗數據表明，GA-01、麥角固醇、5,6-脫氫麥角固醇和EP在乳腺癌細胞模型中誘導了ROS， EP調節AKT，隨後減少參與癌細胞生存、增殖和進展的蛋白質。
華人堂國際集團研究院負責人認為，譚德塞博士的論文除了較好的學術價值，更重要的是表明了國際社會對草本藥物研究現代化的重要態度。中國有著幾千年的草本藥物使用歷史，自1949年以來做來大量的基礎研究工作，理應在這個領域迎頭趕上，為人類生命健康做出更大貢獻。
According to the person in charge of the Research Institute of the Chinese Church International Group, the Chinese Church International Group has always maintained a good cooperative relationship with who. The Hong Kong Laboratory has been sharing with who for a long time. The experimental materials of Dr. Tan Desai are selected from the Hong Kong Laboratory of the Chinese Church International Group.
Ganoderma lucidum has been studied for many years, and the research results in mainland China are relatively abundant. Many scholars in Japan, Germany and the United States have conducted in-depth research. With incomplete statistics, over 1000 researchers have published over 5000 articles and treatises. However, it is the first time that such a high-level paper has been published, which also shows the importance and optimistic prospect of this research field.
Dr. Tan Desai's paper "Research on the seven main components of Ganoderma lucidum and its anti-cancer effect" is a milestone event of internationalization, scientization and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine research, which may have a profound impact on the development of pharmaceutical industry in the future. As we all know, modern pharmaceutical industry is dominated by chemical synthesis, and the drug mechanism is clear and traceable, but the toxic and side effects are also very obvious. Traditional Chinese medicine is mainly made of herbs. Based on non mathematical and chemical medicine theory, it is incompatible with modern scientific concept, but it often has certain curative effect.
Exploring the drug mechanism in herbs has become the tireless pursuit of modern researchers. The success of artemisinin has opened a new door. The key step in elucidating the mechanism of drug action is to determine cell targets. The traditional understanding of drug mechanism is that drugs modify one or more specific cell targets, such as proteins, so as to affect downstream pathways. However, artemisinin's fast, effective and alkylating properties of target proteins result from a completely different mechanism. Unlike most traditional drugs (including most antimalarials), artemisinin is not a single protein or cell function, but a "bomb" that detonates after activation, causing extensive damage. Therefore, it can be considered that the specificity of artemisinin is based on its activity rather than its target. These characteristics of artemisinin make it an ideal weapon against malaria, especially when used in combination with other drugs with different mechanisms but complementary to artemisinin. Another obvious advantage of multi target drugs is that it is not easy to form drug resistance, because a few target mutations are not enough to have a serious impact on drug activity. This advantage can also explain the reason why artemisinin can still maintain the drug activity in the wide application for decades.
The anticancer effect of Ganoderma lucidum proposed by Dr. Tan Desai is similar to that of artemisinin. The structures of the seven most abundant chemical components in Ganoderma lucidum and their roles in cancer models are described. The results showed that the gel compounds showed biological activity in many cancer cell lines and had different degrees of potency. As a single component of gle, EP is the most bioactive anti-invasive compound of cancer cells. The EC50 value of EP is in the low concentration range, which has rich therapeutic indicators in normal cells. Ga-01 and EP have no effect on proliferation by inhibiting protein synthesis. Cell death is mediated by caspase activation through cancer dependent mechanisms such as Akt Pro survival pathway. Dr. Tan Desai's experimental data show that ga-01, ergosterol, 5,6-dehydrogesterol and EP induce ROS in breast cancer cell models. EP regulates Akt and then reduces the proteins involved in cancer cell survival, proliferation and progression.
In addition to its good academic value, Dr. Tan's paper also shows the international community's important attitude towards the modernization of herbal medicine research. China has a history of thousands of years of herbal medicine use. Since 1949, a lot of basic research work has been done, which should catch up in this field and make greater contributions to human life and health.from http://myhealthy.cn
編輯：賀賀