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初中英語語法大全:情態動詞
(8)shall的用法
主要用於第一人稱的疑問句中,表示徵求對方意見。如:
What shall I do now?我現在該幹點什麼
Shall we go together?咱們一起走好嗎
(9) should的用法
①表示「勸告、建議」,譯作「應當」
You should study hard.你應當努力學習
You should listen to the doctor’s advice.你應當聽大夫的話
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助
②表示「推測、可能」
They should get home by now.他們現在該到家了
The book should be available in the bookstore.這本書在書店裡可能有賣的
③後接動詞不定式的完成式時,表示過去的事情,肯定結構表示該做沒做;否定結構表示不該做,但發生了。
I should have written you earlier.我應當早引起給你寫回信(但沒寫)
You shouldn’t have told him this.你不應當把這告訴他。(但告訴了)
(10) will, would的用法
主要用於第二人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人向對方提出請求,would較 will更客氣些
Will you help me? 你能幫幫我嗎?
Would you like some tea? 你想喝點茶嗎?
Will you please tell me the way to the station? 請問到車站怎麼走?
(11) used to的用法
後接動詞原形,表示以前經常發生的動作,但現在不是這樣了(通常用於肯定句中)。
I used to get up early,我以前經常早起(現在不是這樣了)
He used to read aloud everyday. 他以前天天朗讀(但現在不是了)
注意:句型「be + used to」後接動名詞或名詞,表示「習慣……「:
I am not quite used to the weather, here. 我不大習慣這裡的天氣
Are you used to the food in Beijing?你現在習慣吃北京的飯了嗎?
I’m used to getting up early.我習慣早起。
II. 情態動詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測:
以must為例。must + do(be)是推測現在存在的一般狀態進行;must + be doing 推測可能正在進行的事情;must +have done是推測可能已經發生過的事情。
1. must「肯定,一定」語氣強,只用於肯定句中。
He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.
2. may和might「也許」,後者語氣弱,更沒有把握。可用於肯定句和否定句。
He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.
3. can和could「可能」,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t語氣強,用於肯定、否定、疑問句中。
The weather in that city could be cold now.
We could have walked there; it was so near.(推測某事本來可能發生,但實際上沒有發生)
Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(語氣很強,常用於疑問句和否定句中)
【注意】:1.對現在的事實進行推測:
主要結構:…must / may / might +動詞原形
be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語
be + doing
例句:
1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.
2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.
3. The teacher must be joking.
4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.
5. There must be something wrong.
6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.
7. He may be arriving this evening.
8. He may be traveling around the world.
9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.
10. Can the news be true ?
2.對過去的事實進行推測:結構:情態動詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語。例句:
1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.
2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.
3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.
4. He might have overslept again.
5. Where can Tom have gone ?
Ⅲ.情態動詞表達虛擬語氣:表達「本來…」,「不然早就…」。這是情態動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發生的事實相反。表達了說話人的埋怨,後悔的語氣。其結構是在一些情態動詞後面加 have done 結構。根據要表達的意思,有如下結構:
(1).should have done / ought to have done:本應該……
(2).shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done:本不該……
(3).could have done:本來可以……
(4).needn’t have done:本來沒必要……
(5).would like to have done:本來很想……
(6).would rather not have done: 本來不願意……
(7).could / might / have done: 不然早就……
〈例句〉:1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.
2. You could have told us earlier.
3. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.
4. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.
5. They would like to have seen that film last film.
6. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.
7. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.
Ⅳ. 情態動詞注意點:
1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表達「某事終於成功」,而can無法表達此意。Be able to有更多的時態。另外,兩者不能重疊使用。
2. used to和would: used to表示過去常常做現在已經不再有的習慣,而would只表示過去的習慣或喜好,不涉及現在。
3. need和dare作情態動詞和實義動詞的區別:
兩者作情態動詞時常用於否定句和疑問句。其形式為:needn’t/daren’t do;Need/dare…do…?
做實義動詞時可用於肯定句,否定句和疑問句。其形式為:need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do
注意:句型I dare say+從句。 意思是:我肯定…… = I’m sure或There is no doubt that+從句。例句:
I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.
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