情態動詞表推測的用法小結
(一)情態動詞表推測的三種句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might / could(也許,或許)。
(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question?
他一定/可能/也許知道這個問題的答案。
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋裡很冷,他們肯定把暖氣關了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
這不可能是校長,他去美國了。
(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也許不認識那位科學家。
3.疑問句中用can/could (能……?)。
(1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任務完成了嗎?
(2)Can he be at home now? 他現在能在家嗎?
註:以上三種句式中情態動詞的語氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could並非may, can的過去式,而表示語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。
(二)情態動詞表推測的三種時態
1.對將來情況的推測,用「情態動詞 + 動詞原形」。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。
(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也許會在山裡一連走好幾英裡而遇不到一個人。
2.對現在或一般情況的推測,用「情態動詞 + be」,「情態動詞 +be doing」或「情態動詞 + 動詞原形」。
(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機。
(2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
這個時候他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?
布希先生一向準時,這次開幕式他怎麼可能遲到呢?
3.對過去情況的推測,用「情態動詞 + have +過去分詞」。
(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
地溼了,昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。
(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
門鎖著,他不可能/可能不在家。
(3)Can / Could he have gotten the book?
難道他找到書了嗎?
註:情態動詞 should /ought to表推測時,意為「想必會,理應……」但與「have +過去分詞」連用時,則又可構成虛擬語氣意為「本應該做某事卻沒做」。例如:
(4)It’s seven o』clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
現在七點鐘了,傑克理應隨時到達。(推測)
(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虛擬) 她本該出席你的生日晚會的,可是她得在醫院照顧她媽媽。
(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虛擬) 湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密,可是他並無惡意。
編輯推薦:2019年中考英語語法專題整理之情態動詞
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