反義疑問句解析
它表示提問人的看法,沒有把握,需要對方證實。反義疑問句由兩部分組成:前一部分是一個陳述句,後一部分是一個簡短的疑問句,結構助動詞加上人稱代詞主格。句子中的助動詞有be,will, should,must, can等,沒有助動詞的要藉助do, does, did等。兩部分的人稱時態應保持一致。
1.陳述部分肯定式+疑問部分否定式 可記為 前肯後否
2.陳述部分否定式+疑問部分肯定式 可記為 前否後肯
They work hard, don’t they? She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
You didn’t go, did you? He can’t ride abike, can he? He is a student, isn'the?
特 殊 主 語
(1)當陳述部分的主語是陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody,anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問部分常用複數they,有時也用單數he。
Everyone knows the answer, don'tthey? (doesn’t he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
(2) everything,anything,nothing,something時,附加疑問句中主語一般用 it 不用 they
(3)this,that,或those,these時,附加疑問句中主語用it和they.
否定意義的詞
(1)當陳述部分有never,seldom,hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定意義的詞時,後面的反意疑問句則為肯定形式:
There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
(2)當陳述部分含有否定意思的詞是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly,impossible等含有否定詞綴的派生詞,也就是有un-前綴、im-前綴、dis-前綴、-less後綴等含有詞綴而意思否定的詞,當做肯定句處理,疑問部分要用否定形式。如:
He looksunhappy,doesn't he? The girl dislikeshistory, doesn't she? It is impossible, isn't it?
表示主語主觀意願的詞
含有think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等動詞後接賓語從句構成的主從複合句在構成反意疑問句時,視情況不同有兩種不同的構成方式。
(1) 當主句的主語為第一人稱時,其後的簡短問句用肯定或否定看主句,人稱取決於從句。
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won'tshe/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
(2) 當主句的主語為第二、三人稱時,其後的簡短問句則應與主句相一致(此時,否定只看主句,與從句無關...)。例如:
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
She said I was not right, didn’t she?
had better
陳述部分有had better時,疑問句應用hadn’t等開頭:
You』d better get up early, hadn’t you?
祈使句
當陳述部分是祈使句時,疑問句要根據語氣來表達
省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you或won’t you。
Don't do that again, willyou? Turn on the radio, will you/won’t you?
當開頭是Let『s時,一定要用shall we。
Let us/me開頭,用will you或won’t you。
Let +代詞或名詞的,用won’t you。
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? Let usgo out for a walk, will you?
Let them do it, won’t you?
There be句型
There be 句型中,反義疑問部分必須為be 動詞 +there
There aresome apples in the basket, aren't there? There isn't any milk left, is there?
must
當陳述部分有情態動詞must,問句有三種情況:
(1)mustn't表示「禁止,不可,不必」時,附加問句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here, must you? 你不能把車停在這地方,知道嗎?
(2)must表示「有必要」時,附加問句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today, needn't they? 他們今天要完成這項工作,是嗎?
(3)當must用來表示猜測時,應還原時態再選擇助動詞。
He must be good at English, isn't he?
She must have read the novel last week, didn't she?
You must have told her about it(不加過去時間點), haven't you?
1) 陳述部分的主語是I,疑問部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
2) 陳述部分的謂語是wish,疑問部分要用may +主語。
I wish to have a word with you,may I?
3) 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時,疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。
He used to take pictures there,didn't he? / usedn't he?
4) 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn'tyou?
5) 感嘆句中,疑問部分用be +主語。
What colours, aren't they? What a smell, isn't it?
6) 帶情態動詞dare或need的反意疑問句,疑問部分常用 need (dare ) +主語。
We need not do it again, need we? He dare not say so, dare you?
當dare, need 為實義動詞時,疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
否定意義的前綴
反意疑問句的陳述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意義的前綴構成的詞語時,陳述部分要視為肯定含義,問句部分用否定形式。如:
①Your fatheris unhappy, isn’t he?(不能用ishe?)
②The man isdishonest, isn’t he? (不能用ishe?)
③It isimpossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)
Has 一詞用法補充
He hadbreakfast 3 minutes ago, didn’t he?(此時has表示吃,不表示有)
He has 3yuan, doesn’t he/hasn’t he? (此時has表示有)
反義疑問句回答與句子本身所包含的中文肯定與否的含義並無太大關聯,只需注意事實,肯定即用yes,否定用no。
如"It’s new, isn’t it?" "Yes, it is."
"He wants to go, doesn’t he?""No, he doesn’t."
但要注意當陳述部分為否定式,反意疑問句為肯定式時,但翻譯成漢語往往不一致:
"It isn’t cheap, is it?" "Yes,it is." 「它不便宜吧?」「不,很便宜。」
"He doesn’t love her, does he?" "No, hedoesn’t." 「他不愛她,是嗎?」「是的,他不愛她。」
此時,"Yes"即不,對前面"It isn'tcheap."的否定。
can't用於表示推測,作「不可能」解時,附加疑問部分須根據 can't的動詞選用相對應的形式。如:
⑨Bettycan't be a student,is she?
⑩Theworkers can't have finished their work,have they?
重點歸納
快 速 記 憶 表
陳述部分的謂語 疑問部分
I aren'tI
主語+Wish may +主語
no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含義
little等否定含義的詞
haveto+v.(had to+v.) don't +主語(didn't +主語)
usedto didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語
had better+ v. hadn't you
you'd liketo + v. wouldn't +主語
must 根據實際情況而定
感嘆句中 be +主語
指示代詞或不定代詞 everything,that, nothing,this 主語用it
並列複合句 謂語根據鄰近從句的謂語而定
定語從句,賓語從句的 主從複合句 根據主句的謂語而定
think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引導 與賓語從句相對應的從句
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 複數they, 單數he
情態動詞dare或need need (dare ) +主語
dare, need 為實義動詞 do +主語
省去主語的祈使句 will you?
Let's 開頭的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句 Will you?
therebe 相應的謂語動詞+there(省略主語代詞)
否定前綴不能視為否定詞 仍用否定形式
must表"推測 根據其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句