謂語動詞和非謂語動詞概述
邢臺市第二中學 趙力生
A finite verb (謂語動詞) is a verb that has a subject and shows tense. Every sentence needs a finite verb. The main verb in every sentence will be a finite verb. In English grammar, a finite verb is a form of a verb that shows agreement with a subject and is marked for tense. Nonfinite verbs (非謂語動詞) are not marked for tense and do not show agreement with a subject.
If there is just one verb in a sentence, that verb is finite. (Put another way, a finite verb can stand by itself in a sentence.) Finite verbs are sometimes called main verbs or tensed verbs.
Why Should We Care about Finite Verbs?
If you're a native English speaker, then it is highly likely that you are brilliant at using finite verbs. Finite verbs cause few mistake for native speakers. However, if you're learning or teaching English, then it's essential to learn about finite verbs because a finite verb is at the heart of every sentence, and that finite verb will need to align with the subject and show the right tense.
Non-finite verbs are frequently used in the English language. There are three types of non-finite verb:
Gerunds. All gerunds end "-ing." They are nouns formed from verbs.
John loves dancing.
("Loves" is the finite verb. "Dancing" is a gerund. Note that, unlike "loves," it doesn't have a subject or show tense.)
Infinitives. Most infinitives have "to" before. An infinitive is the basic form of a verb.
John hates to sing.
("Hates" is the finite verb. "To sing" is an infinitive. Note that, unlike "hates," it doesn't have a subject or show tense.)
Participles. This is the tricky one. There are two types of participle: present participles (ending "-ing") and past participle (usually end "-ed," "-d," "-t," "-en," or "-n").
謂語動詞,即動詞的限定形式。謂語是對主語動作狀態或特徵的陳述或說明,指出「做什麼」do what,「是什麼」what is this或是「怎麼樣」how。謂語是句子中必不可少的成分,由簡單動詞或動詞短語構成,它應該和主語保持一致,有時態和語態變化。非謂語動詞,也就是動詞的非限定形式,是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞,主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞)。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外,可以承擔句子的其他成分。
本節課我們簡單地討論一下動詞的這兩種形式。水平所限,不足之處,敬請諒解!