大家好,我是老李。我將把全球最新學術期刊上的文章分享給大家。英文原文中,老李標註了一些重要詞彙的漢語釋義。同時奉上的還有老李自己翻譯的版本。喜歡的關注一下吧。老李才疏學淺,錯誤肯定不少。希望各位科學大神和英文大神不吝賜教,在評論裡就相關科學知識和英文翻譯相互交流。
New material(材料)could be used to
make a liquid(液體) metal(金屬) robot
A liquid metal lattice(格子) that can be crushed(擠壓變形) but returns to its original(原來的) shape on heating has been developed by Pu Zhang and colleagues at Binghamton University(賓漢姆頓大學) in the US.
The material is held together by a silicone(矽酮)shell and could find myriad(各種各樣的) uses including soft robotics(機器人科學), foldable(可摺疊的)antennas(天線) and aerospace(航空航天) engineering. Indeed, the research could even lead to the creation of a liquid metal robot evoking(引起、喚起記憶或形象)the T-1000 character in the film Terminator 2(終結者2).
The team created the liquid metal lattice using a special mixture of bismuth(鉍), indium(銦) and tin(錫) known as Field’s alloy(合金). This alloy has the relatively(相當地) unusual property(財產) of melting at just 62°C, which means it can be liquefied(液化) with just hot water. Field’s alloy already has several applications(用途) – including as a liquid-metal coolant(冷卻劑) for advanced nuclear reactors.
Zhang and colleagues combined(結合) the alloy with a silicone shell through a complex hybrid(混合的) manufacturing process that combines 3D printing, vacuum (真空的)casting(鑄造) and so-called 「conformal coating(敷形塗覆)」 – a technique normally used to coat circuit(電路) boards(板) in a thin polymer(聚合物) layer to protect them against the environment. The silicone shell is what allows the lattice to 「remember」 a desired(渴望、期望) shape and restore such when the alloy is melted.
「Without the shell, it won’t work, because the liquid metal will flow away,」 Zhang said. 「The shell skeleton(骨架) controls the overall shape and integrity(完整性), so the liquid metal itself can be confined in the channels.」
To illustrate(闡明) the potential(潛力) of the lattice technology, Zhang and colleagues made several demonstration(示範) structures – including honeycombs, the letters BUME (for Binghamton University mechanical engineering), a spider web-like mesh(網狀物) and a lattice in the shape of a human hand. When crushed and reheated, all eerily(奇異地) return to their original shape.
When solid, Field’s alloy is very strong and stable and is far stiffer(硬) than most shape-memory polymers, according to Zhang. A crucial(關鍵性的) benefit of the new material is that an object can easily be crushed down into a much smaller spaces for transport or storage before being restored to its usual shape.
The researchers think this would make the material ideal(完美的、理想的) for use in space missions, where it could be used to make antennas or building superstructures(上部結構) that could packed tightly on spacecraft ship and then expanded(擴張) on arrival on the Moon or another planet.
「There’s been growing interest in machines and structures that can change their shape, stiffness(硬度), and ability to bear load.These architectures(體系結構) have potential use in emerging(新興的)applications(應用) like soft robots that mimic(模仿) biological(生物的) organisms, wearable computing systems that can conform(順從、相吻合) to the body’s natural motion, or wearable robotics that can assist in human motor tasks,」 says Carmel Majidi, a mechanical engineer from the Carnegie Mellon University.
Zhang also has another goal in mind. 「Our dream is to build a liquid metal robot,」 he said. 「Now we have a hand, so we’re one step further.
(source:《Physics World》)
老李的譯文
新材料可用於製造液態金屬機器人
美國賓漢姆頓大學的Pu Zhang和他的同事開發了一種液態金屬晶格。這種晶格在擠壓變形後,用加熱的方式就可以恢復原狀。這種材料通過矽酮外殼連接在一起,可以用於各種各樣的用途,比如柔軟的機器人、可摺疊天線和航空航天工程。事實上,這項研究甚至可能導致液態金屬機器人的誕生,就像《終結者2》中的T-1000那樣。
研究小組用菲爾德合金製作出了液態金屬晶格。由鉍、銦和錫組成的菲爾德合金,具有相當不尋常的特性,那就是62攝氏度時就會熔化,這意味著只需要熱水就可以讓它液化。菲爾德合金目前用途廣泛,包括作為核反應堆的液態金屬冷卻劑。
張和他的同事們用一種複雜的混合製造工藝將菲爾德合金和矽酮外殼結合在一起。這種複雜的工藝結合了3D列印、真空鑄造和「敷形塗覆」技術。敷形塗覆技術通常用於在電路板表面覆蓋一層薄薄的聚合物,以使其免受環境破壞。矽樹脂外殼則可以讓晶格「記住」所需的形狀並在熔化時恢復成這種形狀。
張說,「如果沒有外殼,液態金屬就會流走,晶格也就無法起作用。外殼骨架控制著整體的形狀和完整性,液態金屬才能被限定在晶格內部通道內運動。」
為了闡明這種晶格技術的潛力,張和他的同事們製作了幾個演示物品——-包括蜂巢、字母 BUME (賓漢頓大學機械工程的縮寫)、蜘蛛網和一隻人手。當演示物品變形並重新加熱後,所有物品都神奇地恢復了原狀。
菲爾德合金在固態時非常堅固穩定,而且硬度比大多數形狀記憶聚合物要大得多。最關鍵的是,這種新材料有一個天大的好處:在恢復原狀前,可以被輕易壓縮體積以便於運輸或儲存。研究人員認為,這將使這種材料成為太空任務的理想材料,可用於製造天線或超級構件。它們可以在飛船上進行緻密包裝,到達月球或其他行星時再展開即可。
「人們對能夠變形、有硬度和承載能力的機器和結構越來越感興趣。這些體系結構在新興應用中有潛在的旺盛需求,比如仿生有機體機器人、符合人體自然運動特徵的可穿戴計算機系統,或者可穿戴機器人幫助人類完成運動任務。」卡內基梅隆大學的機械工程師Carmel·Majidi這樣說。
張的腦子裡還有另外一個目標,「我們的夢想是製造一個液態金屬機器人。現在我們有了一隻手,離目標又進了一步。」
(來源:《物理世界》)