美國約翰斯·霍普金斯大學發布的疫情數據顯示,截至北京時間7月8日19時34分,
美國新冠肺炎確診病例達到2,996,098例,死亡病例達131,480例。美國疫情依然嚴峻,感染人數持續增加。
由於新冠肺炎大流行,包括哈佛大學在內的美國各地大學都選擇了網絡授課,然而7月6日美國移民和海關執法局發布的一項新規規定,「
留學生不能在美國只上網課」,使留學生處境更加艱難,也使留學生今年赴美國高校求學的不確定性陡增。根據美國福布斯新聞網(Forbes)報導,美國移民和海關執法局在周一宣布,2020年秋季學期,留學生籤證發放與今年秋季美國各高校的上課模式掛鈎。目前,美國各高校的上課模式分為三大模式:
「全部只上網課」、「全面線下授課」和「線上線下結合」。
The United States said Monday international students may have to leave the country if their universities switch to online-only courses for the 2020 fall semester due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Otherwise, they will risk violating their visa status.U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
新規明確規定,非移民、持有F1或者M1籤證的學生,如果就讀學校僅開設網絡課程,那麼該學生必須離開美國,否則可能會被強制遣送離境;如果所就讀的學校提供線下授課,根據現有聯邦規定,持有F1籤證的學生最多只能上一門網課(或者三個學分);如果學校採用的是線上線下結合模式,持有F1籤證學生可選多於一門網課(或者三個學分),但是學生也必須選修線下授課課程。"Nonimmigrant F-1 and M-1 students attending schools operating entirely online may not take a full online course load and remain in the United States," ICE said in a statement."Active students currently in the United States enrolled in such programs must depart the country or take other measures, such as transferring to a school with in-person instruction to remain in lawful status," ICE said.If not, they may face immigration consequences including, but not limited to, the initiation of removal proceedings, the statement further read.
也就是說,若留學生仍想2020年秋季在美國上學,必須要到有線下授課的學校上課而不能選擇只上網課,否則就不能繼續留在美國,也不能合法進入美國。儘管新規規定,留學生可以轉到符合條件的新學校以此保持合法身份,但許多學生表示,在新冠疫情期間轉學是件很困難的事情。 Though the new rule states that students can transfer to a new school to remain in lawful status, many say this is not a viable option.這項禁令的出臺也引來了極大爭議,留學生表示真的太難了,更有網友做了圖來解釋他們到底有多難。 The White House measure, announced on Monday, was seen as an effort to pressure universities into reopening their gates and abandoning the cautious approaches that many have announced they would adopt to reduce Covid-19 transmission.
除此以外,這項禁令也被視為川普向美國各高校施壓的手段之一,迫使美國各高校做出艱難的選擇——是冒著病毒進一步傳播的風險,在新冠肺炎疫情期間重新開學還是冒著失去國際學生的風險,繼續關閉學校。不少人猜測,美國移民局在周一新頒發的這份文件與川普正在為11月的連任競選造勢有關,儘管美國新冠疫情嚴重,但是他對重啟美國經濟持有樂觀的態度,他在新冠病毒疫情大流行的情況下一直致力於重啟美國經濟,期望美國可以儘快地恢復到正常軌道中,來為他贏得連任。President Donald Trump, who is campaigning for reelection in November, has taken a bullish approach to reopening the country even as virus infections continue to spike in parts of the country, particularly the south and west.不出所料,就在美國移民局發布最新禁令後不久,川普總統就試圖將關閉學校問題變成選舉問題。他在推特上聲稱,民主黨人希望學校關閉是「出於政治原因,而不是健康原因」,目的在於藉此幫助他們贏得秋季的選舉。此外,川普還點名批評了已經宣布2020年秋季學期全部採取網絡授課的哈佛大學:「
我認為這很荒謬,這完全是為了校方自己方便,並且我認為他們應該為自己感到羞恥。」新規意味著,嚴重依賴國際學生學費收入的大學將面臨巨大的財政壓力,並且不得不在嚴重的疫情期間開設線下授課。The new rules mean that universities that rely heavily on tuition revenue from international students will face tremendous financial pressure and have to offer offline courses during severe epidemics.對此,加州大學校長、歐巴馬總統時期的國土安全部長珍妮特·納波利塔諾(Janet Napolitano)稱這一新政使得美國大學當前境地雪上加霜,原本在疫情期間就已經遭受財政損失的學校不得不再次削減預算。她還表示,大學不需要任何額外的壓力促使它們重新開放,因為大多數學校都希望儘快恢復往日校園生活。
In response, Janet Napolitano, president of the University of California and a former Homeland Security secretary under President Obama, said the new rule caused schools that had suffered financial losses during the epidemic to cut budgets again. She added that universities did not need any additional pressure to reopen because they want to resume their former campus life as soon as possible.
「我無法想像這些額外的壓力和焦慮壓在這些學生的肩膀上。他只會使事情變得更糟。」
「就在你認為川普無法做出更加錯誤的決定的時候(他再次做出了錯誤的決定)。」
賓夕法尼亞大學對新禁令表示失望,美國政府應該盡其所能歡迎國際學生來到美國,並在這場具有挑戰性的大流行病中與各大高校合作,而不是為了政治原因,把學生們當作籌碼,在嚴重疫情下再次製造混亂。
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