雅思聽力考試中,填空題的答案往往遵循聽到什麼寫什麼的原則,無需變換詞性和時態,而選擇題和匹配又是直接寫選項,以至於有些同學會認為雅思聽力考試在英語時態語法上沒有什麼要求。
但事實上,常常有這樣一些題目,從題幹上就提示了大家考官在時間上埋了一個大雷,需要大家提前警惕。
聽力中往往會出現一些不同的時間節點來描述過去、現在、將來或者某個具體時刻的事情。但由於中英文在時態表述上的差距,很多同學往往容易忽略這些細節。
那麼就讓我們一起看看如何提前識別這個雷,並且如何有針對性地去解決。
我們先從最容易識別的過去時態來看一下吧。
E.g.1(C7-4-2 Q12)
The original buildings on the site were
A houses
B industrial buildings
C shops
我們先來分析下題目,主語buildings的限定詞original的意思為起初的,最早的,含有過去的意思,並且謂語部分也用了過去式were,那麼同學們在聽的時候就要注意聽這個地方過去最早是些什麼樣的建築就好了。
接下來讓我們來看看聽力原文是怎麼表述的:
There used to be a lot of factories in this area until the 1960s. Creating the park required the demolition of lots of derelict buildings on the site, so most of the exciting park space all around was originally warehouses and storehouses.
其實在最開始used to be出現的時候我們就應該豎起耳朵聽了,因為過去時態已經出現了,後面一個until 1960更說明了這是很早的一個時間段內的狀況。
這個時候出現的factories其實已經告訴大家正確答案是什麼了,因為工廠和industrial buildings(工業建築)是明顯的同義替換。而有些同學聽到original的同根詞originally出現的時候聽到的warehouses(倉庫)時反而可能會因為對詞彙不熟悉而誤選。
我們再看一道Section 4的題目:
e.g.2 (C7-4-4 Q32)
In 1908,scientists in Japan
A made monosodium glutamate
B began using kombu
C identified glutamate
現在我們已經知道看時間很重要了,而這道題的時間還有一個特點,1908這個具體的年份除了幫大家排雷還有可能幫助大家有效的定位。
我們來看下原文吧:
For many thousands of years the Japanese have incorporated a type of seaweed known as kombu in their cooking, as they discovered it had the ability to make food taste better. But it wasn’t until 1908 that the ingredient in kombu which was responsible for the improvement inflavor was actually discovered to be glutamate by scientists working there.
這裡如果不注意時間的話很容易誤選,因為全段高頻的出現kombu這個單詞。但是如果發現1908開始才是重點的話,注意聽他們說到the ingredient was discovered to be glutamate時才會發現主角glutamate的發現才是題目的答案。所以這道題的答案是C。
看了兩道題以後,我們來總結一下過去時態在題目和原文中常見的表述吧:
1. 一些提示詞如 past, last, previous,original, once, ago, before, etc.將來時出現在題目中也是非常明顯的。我們先看一道例題:
e.g.3(C12-8-1 Q2)
About the applicant:
Willsoon start work as a 2________
分析一下題目,問applicant(申請者)開始什麼樣的工作,字數限制一個詞加一個數字,所以預判答案一定是一個工作類的名詞,但是還有一個關鍵信息就是將來時態,我們要聽將來的工作,而不是過去或者現在的工作。
原文是這樣的:
What work do you do?
-This will probably sound crazy– I used to be a lawyer, and then I made a complete career change and I’m going to be a doctor.
如果不注意時態很容易被lawyer帶到坑裡,但是審題一旦注意的話就很明顯了,be going to一個將來時態很常見的表達帶出了答案doctor。
另外將來時的題目要小心考一個詞叫做next,因為不但聽到的內容必須是將來發生的,還必須是離現在最近的將來。比如下面這道題:
e.g.4(C11-2-3 Q26)
What do they decide to do next with their map?
A scan it onto a computer
B check it using photographs
C add information from the internet
這道題審題就要注意了,對他們的地圖下一步要做的事情,那一定是將來時態,而且是離現在最近的下一步。看一下原文怎麼說的:
-Yes. It looks good. We could get a map of the region off the internet and see if we need to make any changes.
-I had a look but I couldn’t find anything. But you took some pictures, didn’t you?
-Yeah. I』ll email you them if you want.
-OK. I』ll make my amendments using those, then I can scan it into our report.
-Great.
先看對他們的地圖要做的事情原文中有兩個,一個是用pictures做些改進,一個是掃描到report上。但是如果審題注意到是離現在最近的將來的話,可以很快排除then後面的這個scan it into our report,因為他是在做完改進後第二步要做的事。所以本題選擇B。
1. 常見提示詞如next; future, etc.2. 常見時態表達如be about to, be going to,will, etc.3. 一些表示展望的動詞expect/anticipate; be thinkingof, etc.
這一類題目尤其喜歡在多選題中出現。我們先來看一道例題:
e.g.5(C8-1-2)
Which TWO activities can students do after the tour at present?
A build model dinosaurs
B watch films
C draw dinosaurs
D find dinosaur eggs
E play computer games
審題會發現這道題讓我們選擇兩個tour之後學生可以做的活動,注意一下時間是at present,也就是現在,那麼如果遇到過去或將來的活動就可以排除了。一起看一下原文:
There are also a few things the students can do after the tour. In the theatrette on the ground floor there arecontinuous screenings of short documentaries about dinosaurs which they can seeat any time. We used to have an activity room with more interactive things like making models of dinosaurs and drawing and painting pictures, even hunting for dinosaur eggs, but unfortunately the room was damaged in a bad stormrecently when water came in the roof, so that’s closed at the moment. But we do have an IT centre where students have access to CD ROMs with a range of dinosaur games. These games are a lot of fun, but they also teach the students about the lives of dinosaurs, how they found food, protected their habitat,survived threats, that kind of thing.
當原文出現we used to這種明顯的過去表達的時候,我們可以意識到後面出現的活動都是過去有的,現在可能沒有,這時ACD三個選項就很有可能排除了。到後面說了現在這個房間已經關閉時我們確定排除三個選項,那麼這道題在不需要聽完的情況下已經可以選出正確答案B和E了。
我們再看一道例題:
e.g.6(8-2-2)
The rare breed animals kept in the parkinclude
A hens and horses
B goats and cows
C goats and hens
審題發現這裡kept過去分詞作後置定語表示現在已經養在公園裡的稀有物種包括什麼,時間是現在已經養了的,那麼過去養了現在沒有的以及將來想要養的這類動物就會是考官埋的雷了。接下來一起在原文裡找一下答案吧:
A good place to start on your tour is the Rare Breeds section. We keep goats, sheep and hens and other kinds of poultry. We are also thinking of bringing in cows and horses but we do not, as yet, havef acilities for these bigger animals.
這道題直接聽也可以選出來,但如果當時反應慢了也可以通過排除法做出來。後面的thinking of這樣展望類的詞出現說明這都是對將來的預期,而後面說沒有相關設施也可以說明帶有cow或者horses的答案需要排除,從而選出來答案C。
這裡強調一下,大家尤其要小心這一類的動詞,因為他可以用be doing這樣的形式出現,看起來很像現在的時態,卻是對將來的展望。當然現在我們已經知道這個伎倆了,以後相信大家只要聽到也就不會跳坑了。
最後我們再來總結一下現在類的表達吧 :
1. 一般現在時態為主:have/has; thereis/are, etc.
2. 現在完成時也很常見:has/have done, etc.
3. 表示現在的一些詞:at present,currently, now, etc.
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