眾所周知,牽動著千家萬戶的高考,不僅是國家對人才的選拔,我覺得更是對孩子們智力的考察。就拿英語高考題來說吧,最難的莫過於閱讀理解,語法填空和短文改錯。但是,如果你能學會熟練劃分句子成分,運用這一技巧去做這些題,很輕鬆哦。
一,先普及一下簡單句的句子成分
1.主謂結構(主語+不及物動詞)
Li Hui arrived.
Li Hui主語,位於謂語之前; 不及物動詞arrived,做謂語。切記:不及物動詞後面,不能直接接賓語!
2.主謂賓結構(主語+及物動詞+賓語)
Li Hui teaches English in Beijing.
Li Hui主語,及物動詞 teaches,做謂語, English賓語,in Beijing做狀語(狀語如果是個句子,那就是狀語從句了)。記住:及物動詞後面必須接賓語!
3.主系表(主語+系動詞+表語)
Li Hui is an English teacher .
LiHui主語, is系動詞 ,teacher賓語, English修飾賓語,做定語(如果定語是個句子,那就是定語從句)。修飾主語和賓語的叫定語,單詞做定語,一定位於主語或賓語之前;但是,如果是非謂語動詞或短語作定語時,一定要放在主語或賓語後面。
4.主謂賓賓結構(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)
Li Hui gave me a book.
Li Hui主語, gave謂語,me指人,做間接賓語,book指物,做直接賓語。
5. 主謂賓賓補結構(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語)
Li Hui keeps the table clean.
Li Hui主語, keeps謂語 ,table賓語, clean起補充說明的,叫賓語補足語。
哲人把句子成分很形象地比喻成一棵大樹,主語,謂語和賓語為大樹的主幹;補語,定語,狀語為大樹的枝葉。大樹沒有主幹,樹將不復存在。
二,學會括號法,快速劃分複雜句子成分
新東方英語名師李輝的括號法劃分句子成分,簡單明了,值得我們學習。具體操作如下:
1.從介詞開始到名詞結束,括上。
2.從非謂語動詞開始到名詞結束,括上。
3.把整個從句括上。例如:
(In the afternoon)(playing basketball )(with my classmates)( from 4 to 6 o'clock )(on the playground),l was tired( that I couldn't do my homework.)。這句話看上去很長,很複雜,但是,如果把括號裡的成分都去掉,剩下的I was tired就是主幹了。其實,這句話表達的就是「我累了(I was tired.)」。
三,劃分句子成分巧解高考英語閱讀理解題
2019年高考英語全國卷I 閱讀理解 B
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.,today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
...
24. What made Chris nervous?
A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
解析:24題為細節理解題,題幹Chris,定位該題第一段。細節題的答案一定在該段的主題句(第一句),結論句(最後一句)或從句裡。根據高頻答案詞make,可快速選出B。運用括號法劃分該段主題句:(From Canaan Elementary's second grade) (in Patchogue,N.Y.),todayisspeech day,and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn.看到這裡,你就知道today is speech為主幹了,答案B就呼之欲出了。
2019全國卷II 閱讀理解 B
...
Still, most(of us volunteers )breathe a sigh (of relief)(when the season comes to a close.) That relief is coupled (with a deep understanding)(of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社區) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy). Volunteering just feels so good.
...
27. Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A. It gives her a sense of duty.
B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard.
D. It brings her material rewards.
解析:該題如果運用我在前期撰文教大家利用高頻答案詞(make和happy),秒殺閱讀理解題的技巧,可快速選B。運用括號法,劃分句子成分後,去掉括號裡的內容,就只剩下最後一句(結論句了)Volunteering just feels so good.根據正確答案的選項,必須和題幹在人稱時態上保持一致的原則,果斷選B。Volunteering與題幹 Volunteer一致,feels 與does時態一致,feels so good意即make happy。
四,劃分句子成分巧解高考英語語法填空題
2015新課標卷II
1) The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61(build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers.
2) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to 「air condition」 a house without 64 ( use) electric equipment.
3) This cycle 68(go) day after day:
解析:
61題built,通過劃分句子成分,可知句中有謂語 are admired,根據英語句子有且只有一個謂語的原則,所給動詞一定是非謂語動詞,又根據介詞的位置決定著是doing還是done。若介詞在空前,所給的動詞一定是doing,介詞在空後,一定是done(不及物動詞除外)。
64題using,這是個長句子,長句子給動詞考的是非謂語,有without是介詞,位於空前,所給的動詞一定是doing。
68題goes。通過劃分句子成分可知,該句缺謂語,day after day(日復一日),一般現在時的標誌,主語cycle是單數,所以用goes。
2015新課標卷I
1) It was raining lightly when I 61(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
2) Yangshuo__67__(be) really beautiful.
3) A study of travelers _68__ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
4) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it___(regular) arranges quick get aways here for people_70__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
解析:
61題arrived。通過劃分句子成分可知,從句裡缺謂語,又主句謂語是一般過去時,從句必須用過去時,所以填arrived。
67題is。短句子給動詞考的是時態或語態。Yang Shuo是地名,一般現在時第三人稱,故填is。
68題conducted。通過劃分句子成分,找到句子的謂語是names,所給的動詞一定是非謂語,介詞在空後,所以填過去分詞conducted。
70題living。長句子給動詞,考的是非謂語,介詞在空後,但是,由於live是不及物動詞,不能用於被動結構,所以用它的動名詞形式。