倒裝句
語序就是指英語句子中各成分之間的相對順序,英語句子中的核心成分是主語、謂語和賓語在英語長期的歷史演變過程中它們的順序被逐漸被固定下來,從而形成了一個相對固定的語序,即「主語+謂語+賓語」的順序。這個語序通常被稱為「正常語序」或「自然順序」,大多數英語句子都是採用這種語序。
但是這種語序也並非一成不變,有時也會打破常規改變這種語序,把謂語放在主語之前,從而起到強調或某種特定的修辭效果,這種語序變化就是倒裝。強調是引起語序變化的最主要原因,我們通常把所有要強調的成分放到句首,以達到強調的目的。保持句子的平衡是引起語序變化的另一個原因。鑑於此,英文歌詞中的倒裝是有一部分以上的原因。但是其中也有部分原因是為了符合音符或者隨著音符而變,產生歌詞音符相得益彰的感覺。
根據謂語動詞結構和位置的不同,倒裝可以分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝兩種。全部倒裝是指整個謂語動詞放在主語前面。在英語歌詞中的全倒裝中由地點和時間副詞引出的全部倒裝句運用的頻率很高。尤以地點副詞「HERE」最多.
舉例:
1.Here comes the rain again
Falling from the stars
Drenched in my pain again
Becoming who we are
As my memory rests
But never forgets what I lost
Wake me up when September ends
(選自 Wake Me Up When September ends)
分析:Here comes the rain again這句是很簡單的全倒裝句,類似於我們很早就見過的Here comes the bus.在日常口語中也是很常見的。這句原來的形式是The rain comes here again.
2. Pistol shots ring out in the barroom night
Enter Patty Valentine from the upper hall
She sees the bartender in a pool of blood
Cries out, "My God, they killed them all!"
Here comes the story of the Hurricane
The man the authorities came to blame
For somethin' that he never done
Put in a prison cell, but one time he could-a been
The champion of the world
Three bodies lyin' there does Patty see
And another man named Bello, movin' around mysteriously
"I didn't do it," he says, and he throws up his hands
"I was only robbin' the register, I hope you understand
I saw them leavin'," he says, and he stops
"One of us had better call up the cops."
And so Patty calls the cops
And they arrive on the scene with their red lights flashin'
In the hot New Jersey night (選自 Hurricane)
分析:在Hurricane的這兩段歌詞中有兩種不同的倒裝句。Here comes the story of the Hurricane這句是平常很容易見到的一種全倒裝,還原完的全句是The story of the Hurricane comes here. 而Three bodies lyin' there does Patty see則是典型的主謂倒裝句,這句也是在日常口語中很常見到的句型。助動詞Does提前至主語前。此句還原回去了就不難理解了,可還原為Patty see three bodies lyin』 there.
部分倒裝則只是把謂語中的助動詞、情態動詞或系動詞be等放在主句前面,實義動詞或表語仍在主語後面。某些否定詞或否定副詞放在句首,句子要求部分倒裝,即助動詞或be動詞放在主語之間。常見的否定副詞有barely,hardly,little,seldom等。
舉例:
3.The only girl I care about has gone away
Looking for a brand new start
But little does she know that when she left that day
Along with her she took my heart (選自Rhythm of the Rain)
分析:But little does she know that when she left that day.這句是否定倒裝句,也是由Little 這個否定詞引導的主謂倒裝句。由於Little的提前,使Does 前置於She 。此句可以還原為 But she know little that when she left that day.
部分倒裝中還有一種倒裝就是純粹為了符合歌曲的一些音符,通過倒裝與省略的結合,以達到歌詞與歌譜能夠流暢的配合,以達到非常完美的境界。這時的倒裝就是只有在英文歌詞中才有的倒裝,那是只為了歌譜歌詞作出的調整。
4.The deeper I go
All is fair in love she said
Think with your heart, not with your head
That's what my mama told me
All the little things you do
Will end up coming back to you
I let my father mold me (選自Deeper and deeper)
分析:All the little things you do will end up coming back to you這句話是我們在日常口語中很少見的一種倒裝形式,很明顯的這句話如果不知道是倒裝會很難理解的。如果把全句還原回去就會很好理解了,還原後的全句應該是All the little things you do which will coming back to you when it’s end up.
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