文 | 莉莉安的英語學習時間
1、 主謂一致的定義
主謂一致是指主語的數和形與謂語的數和形保持一致的一種語法現象。
Tips：bag為單數，單形；bags為複數，復形
Those bags are all blue. (主語bags為複數復形，are為複數謂語)
2、 主語的數形與謂語的數形的幾種特殊對應情況
（1） 單形詞表複數概念。在英語中，cattle, folk, people, police, poultry 等作主語時，謂語始終用複數。
The people are having breakfast.
（2） 復形詞表單數概念。
①以-ics結尾的學科要用單數謂語（physics，politics，etc.）。
Linguistics is a difficult subject.
②news和means要與單數謂語聯用。
It is a quick means to get to Peking.
③時間、貨幣和度量衡後要用單數謂語。
Three hundred dollars is a large sum.
Seven kilometers was covered in two hours.
（3） 集合名詞如class , team, group, family, crowd, public, committee等作主語時，如果表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數形式；如果表示成員則用複數。
The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment.（主語強調班級中的成員，謂語用複數）
The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games.（主語強調團隊整體，謂語用單數）
（4） 非謂語動詞做主語時，後接單數謂語。但由and連接兩個不定式或動名詞時，動詞則用複數，表示不同的兩件事。
Doing morning exercise is good for your health.
To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use for character-training.
（5） 不定代詞someone，somebody，everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，anybody，something，everything，nothing，each等做主語時，後接單數謂語。
Everybody is here now.
（6）當and與both…and…連接兩個主語時，一般用複數的謂語。但如果由and並列的兩個主語是指同一人時，此時後面一個主語沒有冠詞，其謂語用單數，表示一個人具有雙重身份。若後一個名詞前有冠詞，則表示兩個人，謂語則用複數。
The teacher and writer is giving the boys a very wonderful lecture .
（主語為有雙重身份的同一個人）
The teacher and the singer are talking in the hall.（主語為兩個不同的人）
（7）many修飾主語時，謂語用複數。
但many a… , more than one +單數名詞（意為「不只一個」），雖說具有複數意義，但謂語仍用單數。
Many a student has made that mistake before.
More than one student has made that mistake before.
（8）數式做主語時，謂語既可以用單數，也可以用複數。
3×2=6 Three times two is/are six.
（9） 當百分數、分數後面加名詞或代詞時，要根據這個名詞或代詞來決定其謂語動詞的單複數形式。如果是複數名詞或代詞，謂語動詞用複數；如果是單數名詞（或不可數名詞）或代詞，謂語動詞用單數。
Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
（10）就近原則（在 not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be…句型中，謂語動詞由與其相鄰的主語來確定。）
Neither he nor you are about to take the place of the manager.
Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.
（11）不管原則（以with, as well as,together with, as well as, rather than, more than,
along with, including連接的詞或詞組，不管連接的詞或詞組為單數還是複數，謂語都要與第一個主語保持一致。）
Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.
The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.
註：本文內容整理自《十二天突破英語語法》（第二版）
練一練：
1.The factory, including its equipment and buildings,____burnt last night .
A. is B. are C. was D. were
2.Three hours with your old friends________ to be a short time .
A. seem B. seems C. is seeming D. has seemed
3.Over 70 percent of the population in this province _______ farmers .
A. is B. are C. has D. have
參考答案：CBB