2020年5月8日,清華附中國際部線上家長課第18期,孟繁佳先生的第三講《家校教育本質的莫比烏斯環》在線上如期開講。
The 18th Online THIS Parent School, and the third as well as the final lecture of the series "Mobius Strip of the Essence of Family-school Education" from Mr. Meng Fanjia has been successfully delivered on May 8th,2020 as scheduled.
孟先生為中國儒家宗師亞聖孟子第74代玄孫,中國當代士學文化創始人,士學堂創辦人,教育部中國人生科學學會素質教育專業委員會榮譽會長,教育部中國教育學會會員,中西文化比較學會會員,清華附中國際部學生家長、清華附中國際部家長委員會委員。
Mr. Meng Fanjia is the 74th generation of Mencius, the founder of Chinese Contemporary Scholar Culture and the founder of Scholar School. Mr. Meng is a Honorary Chairman of Quality Education Professional Committee of China Life Science Society of Ministry of Education, member of China Education Society of Ministry of Education, member of Comparative Society of Chinese and Western Cultures, THIS parent, member of THIS Parent Committee.
在第三講中,孟老師從歷史的角度,總結了一路走來學校與家庭教育兩者間的關係。共分為四個部分:
In the third lecture, Mr. Meng summed up the relationship between family and school education from the historical perspective. It is divided into four parts:
一、互補的家校教育
1、家庭是土地,學校是木建築。
2、家校需要提供什麼樣的學習環境?
I. Family and School Education Complement Each Other
1.Family is the land, while school is the wooden building.
2.What kind of learning environment should family and school provide?
二、家校教育的六大元素
1、老師、家長、學生與學校、家、社會
2、家校教育的選擇題
II. Six Elements of Family-school Education
1.Teachers, parents, student and school, family, society
2.Multiple choice questions in family-school education
三、家校教育的莫比烏斯環
1、從家到校再到家的人生輪迴
2、 家校教育的銜接點
III. Mobius Strip of Family-school Education
1.Reincarnation of family-school education
2.The connecting point of family and school in education
四、優秀的教育基因來自海納百川
1、學校教育的本質是讀萬卷書
2、家庭教育的本質是行萬裡路
IV. Where the Excellent Educational Gene Comes From?: All Rivers Run into Sea
1.The essence of school education is to 「read thousands of books」
2.The essence of family education is to 「travel thousands of miles」
一、互補的家校教育
Family and School Education Complement Each Other
1、 家庭是土地,學校是木建築。
Family is the land, while school is the wooden building.
在這部分中,孟老師將東西方的家庭、學校對孩子成長的教養分別做出了從古至今的關係對比。以代表東方文明——儒家文化的六藝,與西方文明——古希臘的七藝為相對比,描繪出了文明傳承發展的脈絡。(如下圖)
In this part, Mr. Meng makes a comparison between the East and West families and schools』 influences on children's upbringing from ancient times to today. Mr. Meng stated two distinctive examples, that are firstly, the Six Arts from the Confucian culture, which represents the eastern civilization, and secondly, the Seven Arts of ancient Greece, Western civilization, to depicts the context of civilization inheritance and development. (As shown below)
2、 家校需要提供什麼樣的學習環境?
What kind of learning environment should family and school provide?
在孩子的成長中,環境在不同維度下產生著不同的影響,孟老師提出,環境的影響更為重要的是在於能夠培養孩子「善觀」,即善於觀察的眼睛和內觀自我的眼睛。(如下圖)
For the influence of environment on children's growth in different dimensions, Mr. Meng proposed that one of the most important purpose of setting a good learning environment is to help cultivating children's "good outlook", that is, the eyes that are good at observation and the eyes that are introspective (as shown below)
二、家校教育的六大元素
Six Elements of Family-school Education
1、老師、家長、同學與學校、家、社會
Teachers, parents, student and school, family, society
家校教育中,從組織結構看,主要由家庭、學校和社會組成;之中的重要角色是家長、老師和學生。實際上,在家校關係中,我們還需要關注人與人之間的教與學的關係轉化,以及對社會上的人才輸出問題。
In family-school education, the major components in this relationship are the family, the school and the society, in which the parents, the educators and the children participate as essential roles. Therefore, we should pay attention to the interconversion of the relationship between teaching and learning, and also the exportation of the talents to the society.
在當代中國「熟人社會」中,家庭的血緣、社會的地緣、學校的學緣關係,以及隨後產生的工作的仕緣關係,是構成熟人社會的根源。
In the circumstance of the contemporary Chinese 「acquaintance society」, the ties of the family blood, the social locality, the alumni relationship of the school, and the consequent official relationship from work are the roots of this kind of society.
2、家校教育的選擇題
Multiple-choice questions in family-school education
在家校教育的缺失中,東西方教育間存在著互補的體系關係。(如下圖)
In the missing part of family-school educational cooperation, Eastern and western education system are great complementarities for each other. (As shown below)
三、家校教育的莫比烏斯環
Mobius Strip of Family-school Education
1、從家到校再到家的人生輪迴
Reincarnation of family-school education
在對孩子的成長教育中,家庭與學校的關係可以形象的比喻為「莫比烏斯環」(如圖示),是不斷的在相互之間發生作用的。
The relationship between family's and school's educational role for children’s growth can be analogically described as the "Mobius strip" (as shown in the figure), that is to say the two parts constantly interacting with each other.
註:德國數學家莫比烏斯(Mobius,1790~1868)和約翰·李斯丁發現:把一根紙條扭轉180°後,兩頭再粘接起來做成的紙帶圈,具有魔術般的性質。普通紙帶具有兩個面(即雙側曲面),而這樣的紙帶只有一個面(即單側曲面),一隻小蟲可以爬遍整個曲面而不必跨過它的邊緣。這種紙帶被稱為「莫比烏斯帶」。
In mathematics, a Mobius strip or band is a surface with only one side and only one boundary curve. Its discovery is attributed independently to the German mathematicians Johann Benedict Listing and August Ferdinand Möbius in 1858. A Möbius strip made with a piece of paper and tape. If its full length were crawled by an ant, the ant would return to its starting point having traversed both sides of the paper without ever crossing an edge.
2、 家校教育的銜接點
The connecting point of family and school in education
而家校之間的銜接點,是在「仁愛精神」中。(如下圖)
The connecting point between family and school is in the spirit of benevolence. (As shown in the following figure.)
四、優秀的教育基因來自海納百川
Where the Excellent Educational Gene Comes From?: All Rivers Run into Sea
1、學校教育的本質是"讀萬卷書"
The essence of school education is to 「read thousands of books」
儒家是怎樣從」萬卷書」中走向今天?如下圖,通過對六藝的學習,儒家為中國文明作出的貢獻在於系統的保留了技術類、記錄類、生命類、思維類、藝術類、哲學類的文明傳承。
How does Confucianism go from ten thousand books to today? As shown in the following figure, through the study of the Six Arts, Confucianism's contribution to the spread of Chinese civilization is to systematically retain the cultural heritage of technology, record, life, thinking, art and philosophy.
2、家庭教育的本質是「行萬裡路」
The essence of family education is to 「travel thousands of miles」
儒家培養子嗣成為士者的最高境界,是漁、樵、耕、讀。並用這四種人的符號,代表了對水、天、地、人的不同價值觀。
一個人觀水可以具有謙下、柔和、韌性的品性;觀天可以創新、應變、堅守的品性;觀地可以包容、忠恕、承納的品性;觀人能夠思賢、和同、存異的品性。最後與天地合其道,與生命合其德。所以儒家的「漁樵耕讀」,實際上是向天地、向自然學習了這樣的一種道德觀、進退觀、生命觀、和價值觀,進而形成了個人的人生觀。
The highest level of Confucianism to cultivate children to become scholars is through cultivating activities of fishing, woodcutting, ploughing and reading, as they were also four essential types of jobs then.
For using these four kinds cultivations as symbols, they are respectively representing the values of water, heaven, earth and people. One can learn to be humble, gentle and resilient when observing water; to be innovative, flexible and persevering when observing the sky; tolerant, loyal and acceptive when observing the earth; and remembering the sages, sharing common ground and reserving differences when observing people. Eventually, one can be as one with the way of heaven and earth and be worthy of life’s meaning. Therefore, the Confucian education of fishing, woodcutting, farming and reading actually inspire people to learn such kinds of morality, outlook on advance and retreat, outlook on life and values from heaven, earth and nature, and therefore forms and completes people’s outlooks about life.
講座完整視頻 請掃描下方二維碼回看
please scan QR code & view the full video
問:孟子說到「我知言,我善養吾浩然之氣」中的「氣」是什麼?如何培養孩子有浩然之氣?
Mencius once said, "I know my words, and I am good at cultivating my noble spirit (Qi)." What is the "Qi"? How to cultivate children to have noble spirit?
答:中醫講人的「氣」在人的心胸之間,頭部是「神」之所在,下腹部則是「精」之所在。精氣神三者之間有一種關聯,由精養氣,由氣養神。孟子最講究的就是這個氣,所謂「好人之氣」,什麼叫好人?從底下固精,從這個精連綿不斷的「精」給予「氣」,再讓氣足足到上升到神,從神煥發出來。那麼這個人是一個紅光滿面,非常的祥和的一種人,人們會很願意跟他在一起,因為他渾身放發著一種善的氣,為正氣,我們叫它浩然正氣。這種氣勢不是做出來,不是裝出來的,它是慢慢的從生理上的培養,然後再從上學、養學的方面去培養。是從身體的強壯和精神領域上的補充而來的。
A: Traditional Chinese medicine says that the head of the human body is the place of spirit, and the lower abdomen is the place of essence, while the 「Qi」(energy)lies between them, where the chest is. The relation among the three is that the essence nourishes Qi and Qi nourishes spirit. What Mencius stresses most is this Qi. There is a common saying as 「the good man’s Qi」. How to explain this goodness from the perspective of Qi? The theory is that from the bottom, one retains his essence, and from this essence, Qi gets continuous replenished, and when Qi is sufficient it gives rise to spirit. Finally, the spirit glows out. Then this man possesses good complexion, to become a very peaceful person. People would be very willing to be with him, because he is full of good Qi, the righteousness, as we call it the noble spirit. The noble spirit can never be forced to make, nor to pretend. On the contrary, it is physiologically cultivated in a gradual process first and then nobly nurtured next. Generally, Qi comes from both the strong and healthy body and the spiritual supplement.
問:當代教育從小學到高中都是女老師為主,這樣培養出來的男孩可能容易缺乏陽剛之氣。家庭教育中家長如何做能起到有效的幫助?
From primary school to senior high school, contemporary education is dominated by female teachers, so boys may face the problem of being lack of masculinity. How can parents help in family education?
答:這是社會問題,因為做教師清貧。家校教育的本質是一個循環。當我們理解到一個學校中女性教師居多的時候,家庭當中的爸爸就要起作用,多把陽剛的東西帶給孩子。此外,學科的設置上,我們可以跟校方多商量,多增加一些戶外的教學,在保障安全的前提下,多走向社會,天地之間的氣,就是陽剛之氣,取得天地之氣的補充。
A: Firstly, this is more of a social problem, because being a teacher is mostly means being poverty-stricken. Secondly, since the essence of family-school education is a circulation, when we discover that there are many female teachers in school, the father in the family has to play an important role in activate more masculine characteristics in the boys. In addition, in terms of the arrangement of courses, we can discuss with the school that under the premise of ensuring safety, it would be better to organize more outdoor activities (field trips), because the spirit between heaven and earth is the most actual and natural masculine spirit.
這個問題其實需要更多家長的參與,跟學校達成一個互補,而不只是單純的從學校這一點上去考慮。
To be honest, this problem needs parents to participate more actively and to play a complementary part cooperatively with the school, rather than just expecting a simple solution from the school.
問:如果家長不同意老師的教育方法,或者對於某個老師的教學能力有擔憂,應當如何處理?
If some parents do not agree with the teacher's teaching methods or they are having doubts about a teacher’s teaching ability, what should they do?
答:我們都常講一句話人無完人。百家飯有百家味,在教學上你如果覺得學校有問題,除非你是專門的內行人才,否則難免帶有一定的片面性。當你的孩子入校之前,因為你對它的考察,你認可了這所學校,我們只能把我們的孩子放在一個我們適度認可的一個學習環境當中,讓他完成他自己的學業。今天能提出這樣的問題,是反映我們有些過於的擔心。學習本質上是家庭、學校之間密切關聯,我們還應當要看孩子家庭當中的學習是否是有缺失的。然後更重要的是我們要參與進去,如果你能奉獻進去,那麼貢獻出去以後,你才能知道這個學校真實的水平是一個什麼樣子。
A: We often say that no one is perfect. And as an old saying goes, 「a hundred meals have a hundred tastes.」 When you think the problem is in the teaching of the teacher or of the school, unless you are a professional educator or someone working in the educational field, it would be most likely unjust to have a direct opinion towards it. Since we have inspected the school before we decided to send our kids to it, then we parents should reach a moderate agreement and trust to the school's management and the learning environment the school provides. The rest is to simply let the child to grow and learn freely in this environment. The fact that we raise such a question here reflects some of our excessive worries. Children’s successful learning closely concerns family-school tight cooperation, which is the essence of family-school relationship. Hence, we should also pay a close look on how the family plays its part in the children’s educational process. There is nothing more important than our parents to get involved and participate into children’s learning. Then it might be possible to really understand how the school teaching is.
文字 | Zhaoyang Li, Hua Tang(THIS Parent)
編輯 | Mercy Xu
審核 | Toni Dong, Lan Yi, Wengping Li
清華附中國際部是依託清華大學而建立的一所滿足我國海歸人員子女就學需求的國際學校,招收外國籍及港澳臺地區的學生。我校位於美麗的圓明園旁的百年名校清華附中校園內。
◆清華附中國際部的使命是培養根植於中國文化、具有獨立思考能力及創新精神的國際化傑出人才。
◆清華附中國際部致力於提供中西合璧的優質教育,中英文並重。招生對象為1-12年級的學生,小學學段為1-5年級,初中為6-8年級,高中為9-12年級。
◆招生諮詢電話:010-62771477/010-62797000
◆招生諮詢郵箱:this@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Tsinghua International School (THIS) was established by Tsinghua University a decade ago. It is an international school that seeks to meet the educational needs of Chinese overseas returnees』 children. It recruits students residing in or intending to reside in Beijing from foreign nationalities, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. THIS is located in the century-old Tsinghua High School, next to the beautiful the Old Summer Palace.
The mission of THIS is to cultivate students among international elites who are rooted in both Chinese and Western cultures, have independent thinking abilities, and an innovative spirit. THIS educates multicultural students, preparing them with 21st Century Skills.
THIS strives to provide a high quality education, combining Eastern and Western cultures, promoting Chinese and Western values. THIS enrolls students from grades 1 to 12. The primary school consists of grades 1-5, junior high school includes grades 6-8, and senior high school covers grades 9-12.
For admissions inquiries please call: 010-62771477/010-62797000 or email this@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn