一 獨立主格結構的形式：n./pron.+to do/doing/done/adj./adv./介詞短語/n
Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.由於有很多家庭作業需要做，我只好一整天待在家裡。
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.嚮導領著路，我們毫不費勁地走出了森林。
The question being discussed, a man came up with a practical solution.在討論這個問題時，有人提出了一個切實可行的解決方案。
Rex was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.
雷克斯專心致志地聽著講座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。
Many things solved/settled, the manager looks relaxed.許多事情已經處理好了，經理看上去很輕鬆。
The little girl entered the room, her face red with cold.小女孩走進房間，臉凍紅了。The game over, the audience applauded.比賽結束了，觀眾鼓起掌來。
Many people were lined along the streets, flags in hands.很多人排隊站在街道旁，手裡拿著棋子。
Many people come to visit the Great Wall every year, most of them foreigners.每年有許多人來參觀長城，其中大多數是外國人。
The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外兩個人攀下火山口去收集日後研究用的熔巖，我是第一次經歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。
二 獨立主格結構的功能
獨立主格結構的位置相當靈活，可以置於主句前主句末或主句中，常由逗號將其與主句分開。獨立主格結構在句中一般作狀語，表示時間條件原因伴隨狀況等。
1）表時間 The meeting over, all of us went home. 開完會我們都回家了。
2）表條件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed.若條件有利，他或許能成功。
3）表原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk.沒有計程車，我們之好步行。
4）表伴隨 Almost all metals are good conductors, sliver being the best of all.幾乎所喲的金屬都是良導體，而銀則是最好的導體。
習題
1 The party will be held in the garden, weather _______(permit).如果天氣允許，晚會將在花園舉行。天氣是允許的邏輯主語。
2 This _______(be) my first time in a new country, I was scared and feeling pretty anxious.這是我第一次在一個新國家，我很害怕，感覺很緊張。
3 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______(follow) in a year.
我今天寄100美元給你，剩下的一年後再寄。the rest和follow是邏輯主動關係。
4 The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______(finish) for the day.孩子們從語法學校回家了，他們一天的功課上完了。their lessons和finish是邏輯被動關係。
5 He lay in bed, ____________________________(他的眼睛看著天花板）and his fingers crossed. 他躺在床上，眼睛看著天花板，十指交叉放在胸前（祈禱好運）。
6 ______________（音樂開著）,I can』t focus my mind on the work.
7______________(演講結束後),a lively question-and -answer session followed.
隨後是一個可愛的問答環節。
答案
1 permitting 2 being 3 to follow 4 finished 5 his eyes looking at the ceiling
6 The music on 7 the lecture having been given