Seven Kinds of Word Formation--No. 1 Derivation

2021-02-19 英語詞彙深度學習與名著影視欣賞

It is of great significance that we should know about word-forming methods and processes. In general, there are 7 common kinds of word formation, including derivation （派生法）, compounding or composition（複合法；合成法）; conversion, functional shift or transmutation  （轉化法）；blending （拼綴法）; back-formation（逆生法）；sound imitation/onomatopoeia （擬聲法）; formation of words by analogy （類比構詞法）.

（一）派生法

派生詞綴與詞根相結合而構成單詞的方法，叫做派生法(derivation)。用派生法構成的詞為派生詞(derivative)。詞根是派生詞的基礎，是詞彙的核心，也是單詞語義的基礎。在同一詞根上可添加不同的詞綴，構成各種不同的詞類。英語詞彙從本質上講，實際上就是26個字母的排列與組合。排列組合的限制條件多種多樣，其中包括固定詞根、詞綴，發音等要求。要儘快突破詞彙大關，就必須全面掌握英語中的常用重點詞根與重點詞綴。總的來說，來自於英語本族語的詞根有450左右，來自拉丁語和希臘語的詞根也只有幾百個。



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