湖北
2013年高考英語複習：高考必考重點句型(3)
句型17
where…(地點從句)
[注意]where引導地點從句時，可以引導定語從句或是邏輯地點狀語從句。當它在定語從句中作地點狀語，指代地點時，這時可以用in which, on which, at which, to which, from which等結構代替。但是它引導邏輯地點狀語從句時，沒有這樣用法。
[例句]
You should put the book where it was. 把書放回原處。
Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.
不屈不撓者從他人失敗的地方獲取成功。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Where men are greedy, there is never peace. 人類貪慾不止，世界和平無望。
Go where you should, keep on studying. 無論你到哪裡，你都應該繼續學習。
That is the building where my father works. 那是我父親工作的大樓。
Yesterday I went to the department store, where I met my teacher. 昨天我去百貨公司，就在那兒遇見了我的老師。
That's where a change is needed. 那就是需要變更的地方。
We could see the runners very well from where we stood. 從我們所站的地方能很清楚地看到賽跑的選手。
You should let your children play where you can see them. 你應該讓小孩在你的視線所及的地方玩耍。
Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.=Potatoes can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句where引導定語從句)
有些地方太冷不能種水稻，但可以種馬鈴薯。
[請比較下面的句子結構的不同]
Potatoes can be grown where it is too cold to grow rice.(本句where引導地點狀語從句)
句型18
what引導的從句
what在英語中非常活躍,它可以用來引導主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句，但是不用來引導定語從句。在句子裡可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語，既可以指人，也可以指物。
[例句]
What is the population of the world? 世界的人口有多少?
What did you pay for this picture? 這幅畫你付了多少錢?
What is most important in life isn't money. 人生最重要的並非是金錢。
Will you show me what you bought? 可以把你所買的東西給我看一下嗎?
Mary is no longer what she was ten years ago. Mary已經不是10年前的她了。
句型19
as引導的非限制性定語從句
在as引導的非限制性定語從句中，連接代詞as在句子中可以作主語、賓語或表語等，可以指人或物。其在定語從句中的位置比較靈活，即可以在句子 前面，在句子中間或句子末尾。常用的結構有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。
[注意1]as通常只指整個句子的內容，不表示部分內容。
[注意2]as引導的非限制性定語從句通常指"事先可以預料到的""料想到的"，表達"好"的方面。
[注意3]as引導限制性定語從句時，常構成the same…as…; such…as…; so/as …as…等結構。在從句中既可以指人、物，也可以指整個句子。
[例句]
This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾告訴過你，這也是你工作的一部分。
The man was a teacher, as was evident from his way of speaking. 從那人說話的樣子可明顯看出，他是個老師。
Such ideas as he hits on are worthless. 像他那樣偶然想起的主意是無用的。
It's the same story as I heard from her yesterday. 這故事跟我從她那兒聽到的相同。
He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他要儘可能找漂亮的女孩結婚。
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.
那些對世界做出巨大貢獻的人們應該受到極大的尊重。
句型20
which引導的非限制性定語從句(也引導限制性定語從句)
which引導的非限制性定語從句既可以指整個句子內容，也可以指句子的部分內容(如單詞或詞組等)，在句子中可以作主語、賓語(動詞或介詞 的)、定語等。注意它在句子中的位置：只能放在主句後，不能放在主句前。表達的內容是"不好的"、"事先沒有預料到的"等時，常用which，只指物。
[例句]
Yellowstone National Park, which is in Wyoming, is one of the most beautiful national parks in the world. 黃石國家公園位於懷俄明州，是世界上最美麗的國家公園之一。
The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order. 這時鐘是我祖父買的，現在還走時很準。
The picture, for which he paid an enormous amount of money, was a forgery.
那幅畫他花了一大筆錢購買，卻是幅贗品。
She changed her mind again, which made us all angry. 她又改變了主意，這使我們大家都生氣了。
I lived three years in Paris, during which time I learned French. 我在巴黎住了三年，在那期間我學了法語。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. 天氣結果轉晴，這是我們沒有預料到的。
句型21
(1)、疑問詞+ever whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever,
wherever, however用來引導讓步狀語從句，相當於no matter和what, who, which, when, where, how連用。
[例句]
Whatever (=No matter what) may happen, we shall not lose hope.
無論發生什麼事，我們都不能失去希望。
Whatever reasons you (may) have, you should carry out a promise. 無論你有什麼理由，你都應該遵守諾言。
Whoever (=No matter who) comes, he will be warmly welcome. 無論誰來，都會受到熱烈歡迎。
Whenever (=No matter when) it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.
此事無論發生在何時，但絕不是昨天。
Whenever you (may) call, you will find her sitting by the window. 無論什麼時候你去找她，你都會看到她坐在窗邊。
Wherever (=No matter where) he went, he made friends with people.
Whichever (=No matter which) of them you many choose, the quality will be the same.
他們當中不論你選哪一個，品質都一樣。
However (=No matter how) hard I have tried, I can't find the answer.
(2)、whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引導名詞性從句，這時不能用no matter+疑問詞替換。
[例句]
Take whichever you want. 你要哪個就拿哪個。
We will do whatever we can to help him out. 我們要盡力幫助他擺脫困境。
I'll show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什麼我就給你看什麼。
Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 無論誰做這件事都要得到報酬。
Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold. 任何人在這種大雨中行走都會患感冒。
You may invite whomever(口語中常用whoever代替)you like to the party. 你可以邀請你喜歡的人來參加晚會。
Take whatever magazines you want to read. 你可以取閱任何你想讀的雜誌。
倒裝結構
句型22
全倒裝句型(一)
here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副詞放在句首，句子需要全部倒裝
[例句]
There goes the bell! = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了!
Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming. 汽車來了。
Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 該輪到你發言了。
Away went the thief when he saw the police.
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 我們期盼的時候到了。
[注意]
(1)在這種情況下倒裝僅限於不及物動詞或be動詞，像go, come, rush, live, stand, lie等。
(2)主語是人稱代詞時不要倒裝。如：Away he went. 他走遠了。
句型23
全倒裝句型(二)
表示方位的狀語放在句首，句子全倒裝;謂語動詞多為be, lie, stand, sit, come, walk, run, stop etc. 不及物動詞。
[例句]
On a hill in front of them stands a great castle. 在他們面前的山上矗立著一座巨大的城堡。
In front of the house stopped a police car. 房子的全面停著一輛警車。
Around the corner walks a young policeman. 拐角處有個年輕的警察在行走。
Under the tree sat a boy of about ten. 在樹下坐著一個大約10歲的男孩。
句型24
全倒裝句型(三)
(表語)adj. / v-ing / v-ed +(地點狀語)+ be(或其他動詞形式)…
So adj./adv…that…如此……以至於……(so引導的句子倒裝，而that引導的句子不倒裝!) (這種結構是半倒裝句。)
[例句]
Present at the meeting were the manager, all the designers and the writer. 出席會議的有經理，設計師和詞作者。
Fastened to the pole is the National flag. 旗杆上有一面國旗。
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children. 有幾個頑皮的孩子藏在門後面。
Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers, listening attentively to the new teacher. 坐在教室後面的是幾位老教師，他們在認真地聽新教師的課。
Gone are the days when farmers lived in the poor houses.
農民住在破舊房子裡的日子過去了。
Typical for China is the crosstalk show, where a pair of comedians entertains the audience with word play. 相聲是中國典型的喜劇，兩個演員通過玩弄詞藻來逗樂觀眾。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.
他說英語非常清晰，別人都能聽懂他的話。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光運行非常快，我們幾乎無法想像它的速度。